Ученые ФНЦ агроэкологии РАН выступили в качестве экспертов на вебинаре «Развитие селекции в рамках национального проекта «Наука»

Научно-агрономический журнал. 2022. №2(117). С. 15-24

Агролесомелиорация

УДК 634 266; 634.958

DOI: 10.34736/FNC.2022.117.2.001.15-24

Новые перспективные многоцелевые конструкции стокорегулирующих лесных полос

для степного засушливого пояса России

Валерий Иванович Панов, к.г.н., с.н.с., e-mail: aglos163@mail.ru, ORCID: 0000-0002-8489-9791 – Поволжская агролесомелиоративная опытная станция – филиал Федерального государственного бюджетного научного учреждения «Федеральный научный центр агроэкологии, комплексных мелиораций и защитного лесоразведения Российской академии наук» (ФНЦ агроэкологии РАН), 446534, Самарская обл., п. Новоберёзовский, Россия;

Анатолий Тимофеевич Барабанов, д.с.-х.н., г.н.с., e-mail: a.barabanov2011yandex.ru, заведующий лабораторией защиты почв от эрозии, ORCID: 0000-0001-9945-654Х – Федеральное государственное бюджетное научное учреждение «Федеральный научный центр агроэкологии, комплексных мелиораций и защитного лесоразведения Российской академии наук» (ФНЦ агроэкологии РАН),

e-mail: info@vfanc.ru, 400062, Университетский проспект, 97, Волгоград, Россия

Аннотация. Объектом исследования являются контурные стокорегулирующие лесные полосы в агролесоландшафтах на чернозёмах Среднего Поволжья – важнейший элемент лесного защитно-мелиоративного кластера, целенаправленно воздействующего на природные факторы засушливой среды. Изучался механизм действия стокорегулирующих лесополос, методы их влияния на степные агроценозы, на снежный покров, промерзание почв и их инфильтрационную способность весной, на элементы водного баланса талых вод, их водопоглощение и эрозионные процессы, видовой состав насаждений, их устойчивость, долголетие и интегральный (синергетический) ландшафтопреобразующий эффект. Многолетние исследования проводились методами водного баланса на стоковых площадках, опытных репрезентативных малых водосборах. Лесополосы управляют и преобразовывают протекающие в них воздушные и водные полифазные потоки с участием в них снега, ледяных кристаллов, почвенной пыли и др. Они действуют как высотный барьер в приземной атмосфере и наземный плоскостной перехватывающий рубеж, гасят скорости воздушно-водных потоков, нейтрализуют их разрушающую и взвесенесущую энергию, сохраняют атмосферные осадки и разрыхлённые почвы в таких защищённых лесоаграрных ландшафтах. Оптимизированная система лесополос снижает величину непродуктивных потерь снега за счёт ветро-метельного сноса и сублимации (возгонки) в зимний период на 40 – 70 мм, а в тёплый период года за счёт поглощения поверхностного стока и уменьшения физического испарения (совместно с адаптивным земледелием) – ещё на 70 – 110 мм. Общий годовой гидро-синергетический эффект достигает 110 – 170 мм. Предложены и испытаны новые (комбинированные) конструкции стокорегулирующих лесных полос древесно-кустарникового типа с разными вариантами сочетания и размещения посадочных мест низкорослых кустарников (кустарничков) и деревьев главных пород. Эти конструкции обеспечивают эффективное снегонакопление внутри полос (высотой 55-65 см и влагозапас 140 – 165 мм), сохранение почвы от глубокого промерзания, высокую ее впитывающую способность весной; увеличивают площади питания главных пород; повышают устойчивость и долговечность лесополос.

Ключевые слова: ландшафтный принцип, стокорегулирующие лесополосы, лесной защитно-мелиоративный кластер, агроценоз, агроландшафты, водопоглощающий рубеж, противоэрозионный эффект, снегоотложение, сублимация снега, элементы водного баланса, непродуктивные потери влаги, конструкции лесополос

Scientific Agronomy Journal. 2022. 1(116). pp. 05-10

Agroforestry melioration

DOI: 10.34736/FNC.2022.116.1.001.05-10

Baatr V. Kishtanov^›, junior researcher, e-mail: kalmniaglos@mail.ru, ORCID ID 0000-0002-7860-2795,

Kalmykian NIAGLOS – branch of Federal State Budget Scientific Institution «Federal Scientific Centre of Agroecology, Complex Melioration and Protective Afforestation of the Russian Academy of Sciences»

(FSC of Agroecology RAS), postal address: 358000, Republic of Kalmykia, Elista, 63, Mayakovsky St., Russia

^› – Corresponding author

Abstract. Based on the literary sources analysis and the personal experience of the article author in the field of afforestation in Kalmykia, the possibility of using the culture of golden currant in forest land reclamation on the territory of the Ergeninsky uplands assessment is given. There are no natural stands of tree and shrub species on the territory of Kalmykia, and the republic needs agroforestry assistance, since in a dry climate only xerophytic woody vegetation serves as a reliable protection of settlements and agricultural lands from unfavorable environmental factors. The climatic conditions of the Republic form rather complex forest growing conditions, especially due to factors such as increased evaporation caused by low relative humidity and frequent strong winds with a small amount of atmospheric precipitation. All these factors do not ensure the spread of forest plantations in a natural way. This causes a low percentage of forest cover, which is 0.2% on average in the Republic. The forest belts created on the territory of the Republic from tree and shrub plantations serve as a reliable means in the combating against dry winds and drought. The area covered with forest plantings is an artificially created forest belts and small-massifs plantings scattered across the semi-desert landscapes of the Ergeninsky uplands. The most resilient of the crops in these conditions is the golden currant, which successfully grows not only on unsalted, but also on strongly saline light chestnut soils. It has been established that it is one of the most important species used at the present stage of protective afforestation in Kalmykia. The direction of additional research on the effective use of this species is justified and outlined.

Keywords: semi-desert, light chestnut soils, protective afforestation, golden currant plantings, experience and prospects of use

Научно-агрономический журнал. 2022. №2(117). С. 25-29

Агролесомелиорация

УДК 911.2

DOI: 10.34736/FNC.2022.117.2.002.25-29

Сравнение способов классификации данных при спутниковом мониторинге процесса опустынивания

Владислав Александрович Романов, м.н.с., e-mail: romanov-1996@mail.ru, ORCID 0000-0002-5984-270X, лаборатория геоинформационного моделирования и картографирования агролесоландшафтов – Федеральное государственное бюджетное научное учреждение «Федеральный научный центр агроэкологии, комплексных мелиораций и защитного лесоразведения Российской академии наук» (ФНЦ агроэкологии РАН), e-mail: info@vfanc.ru, 400062, Университетский проспект, 97, Волгоград, Россия

Аннотация. Статья касается проблемы опустынивания в южных регионах европейской части России. Спутниковый мониторинг является одним из основных методов дистанционного изучения территории. В результате исследования проанализированы основные подходы и методы спутникового мониторинга, ранее предложенные учёными для изучения процесса опустынивания. Рассмотрены основные дешифровочные признаки опустынивания, приведены основные источники спутниковых данных для изучения процессов деградации земель. Методики подсчета площади опустынивания для получение данных используют способ классификации участков спутникового снимка по тону. Новизна заключается в том, что в рамках работы была проведена ручная (по средствам программного обеспечения QGIS) и автоматическая классификация спутникового снимка (используя программное обеспечение ENVI), и было проведено сравнение точности и скорости работы при классификации, выявлена целесообразность использование этих способов. Выявлены основные достоинства и недостатки метода спутникового мониторинга по этим параметрам. Проведено апробирование методик на тестовом участке южнее реки Кума площадью 75 км². Выявлены очаги опустынивания на тестовом участке. Подсчитана площадь опустынивания территории относительно общей площади исследуемого участка. Так, одним из главных преимуществ дистанционных методов с автоматической классификацией спутникового снимка является возможность большего территориального охвата исследований за минимальный период времени с точность до 97,88%.

Ключевые слова: спутниковый мониторинг, опустынивание, дешифрирование, ГИС, картографирование

Scientific Agronomy Journal. 2022. 2(117). pp. 25-29

Agroforestry melioration

DOI: 10.34736/FNC.2022.117.2.002.25-29

Comparison of Data Classification Methods for Satellite Monitoring of the Desertification Process

Vladislav A. Romanov, Junior Researcher, e-mail: romanov-1996@mail.ru, ORCID 0000-0002-5984-270X,

of Laboratory of Geoinformation Modeling and Mapping of Agroforestry Landscapes –

Federal State Budget Scientific Institution «Federal Scientific Centre of Agroecology, Complex Melioration and Protective Afforestation of the Russian Academy of Sciences» (FSC of Agroecology RAS),

e-mail: info@vfanc.ru, 400062, Universitetskiy Prospekt, 97, Volgograd, Russia

Abstract. The article concerns the problem of desertification in the southern regions of the European part of Russia. Satellite monitoring is one of the main methods of remote study of the territory. As a result of the study, the main approaches and methods of satellite monitoring, previously proposed by scientists to study the process of desertification, are analyzed. The main decoding signs of desertification are considered, the main sources of satellite data for studying the processes of land degradation are given. Methods of calculating the area of desertification for obtaining data use a satellite image areas classifying method by tone. The novelty lies in the fact that as part of the work, manual (using the QGIS software) and automatic (using the ENVI software) classification of the satellite image was carried out and a comparison of the accuracy and speed of work during classification was carried out, the expediency of using these methods was revealed. The main advantages and disadvantages of the satellite monitoring method for these parameters are revealed. The methods were tested on a test site south of the Kuma River with an area of 75 km2. Foci of desertification have been identified in the test area. The area of desertification of the territory relative to the total area of the studied site is calculated. Thus, one of the main advantages of remote methods with automatic classification of satellite images is the possibility of greater territorial coverage of research for a minimum period of time with an accuracy of up to 97.88%.

Keywords: satellite monitoring, desertification, decryption, GIS, mapping

Научно-агрономический журнал. 2022. №2(117). С. 30-36

Земледелие, растениеводство

УДК 632.952

DOI: 10.34736/FNC.2022.117.2.003.30-36

Новый экологически безопасный фунгицидный препарат на основе тебуконазола и тиабендазола для борьбы с грибными заболеваниями пшеницы

Маргарита Юрьевна Шарапова, магистрант, email: MarganaMar@yandex.ru;

Елена Эдуардовна Нефедьева, д.б.н., профессор, ORCID: 0000-0002-4782-3835 –

Волгоградский государственный технический университет, rector@vstu.ru, 400005, пр. им. Ленина, 28

Аннотация. В данной работе исследованы активные вещества фунгицидных препаратов тебуконазола и тиабендазола, предназначенных для обработки семян зерновых культур от поражения фитопатогенными грибами. В ходе лабораторных испытаний установлена их высокая фитотоксичность и ростстимулирующие свойства. Проведен эксперимент по влиянию эсфона, менадиона и салициловой кислоты на рост колеоптилей пшеницы с помощью стандартной методики биотестирования растворенных токсических веществ по росту отрезков колеотилей. Согласно результатам эксперимента, был оптимизирован состав фунгицидного препарата на основе тебуконазола и тиабендазола с применением ростостимулирующего вещества. Изменено соотношение тебуконазола к тиабендазолу, а также снижены концентрации данных действующих веществ. Добавлен ростостимулятор эсфон и сивушное масло в качестве растворителя, а также заменены препараты в качестве антивспенивателя и красителя. Представлена технологическая схема производства, включающая следующее оборудование: смеситель, емкости для подачи веществ, насосы и клапаны. Экологичность нового препарата заключается в снижении концентраций действующих веществ, а также в добавлении отхода в качестве растворителя. Протравитель способствует повышению эффективности борьбы с грибными заболеваниями пшеницы, а также не имеет ретардантного действия.

Ключевые слова: фунгицид, тебуконазол, тиабендазол, защита растений, технологическая схема производства фунгицидов

Scientific Agronomy Journal. 2022. 2(117). pp. 30-36

Land cultivation, crop production

DOI: 10.34736/FNC.2022.117.2.003.30-36

A New Environmentally Safe Fungicidal Preparations Based on Tebuconazole and Thiabendazole to Combat Fungal Diseases of Wheat

¹Margarita Yu. Sharapova, Master’s student, email: MarganaMar@yandex.ru

¹Elena E. Nefedieva, D.B.N., Professor, ORCID: 0000-0002-4782-3835 –

¹ Volgograd State Technical University, rector@vstu.ru, 400005, prospect im. Lenin, 28

Abstract. In this work, the active substances of the fungicidal preparations tebuconazole and thiabendazole, intended for the treatment of grain seeds from damage by phytopathogenic fungi, were studied. During laboratory tests, their high phytotoxicity and growth-stimulating properties were established. An experiment was carried out on the effect of esphone, menadion and salicylic acid on the growth of wheat coleoptiles using a standard method of dissolved toxic substances biotesting by the growth of coleotile segments. According to the experiment results, the composition of a fungicidal preparation based on tebuconazole and thiabendazole with the use of a growth-stimulating substance was optimized. The ratio of tebuconazole to thiabendazole has been changed, as well as the concentrations of these active substances have been reduced. The growth stimulator esfon and fusel oil were added as a solvent, and anti-foaming agent and dye preparations were also replaced. The technological scheme of production, including the following equipment, is presented: mixer, containers for the supply of substances, pumps and valves. The environmental friendliness of the new preparation consists in reducing the concentrations of active substances, as well as in adding waste as a solvent. The mordant helps to increase the effectiveness of the fight against fungal diseases of plants, and also does not have a retardant effect.

Keywords: fungicide, tebuconazole, thiabendazole, plant protection, technological scheme of fungicide production

Научно-агрономический журнал. 2022. №2(117). С. 37-43

Земледелие, растениеводство

УДК 631.15: 631.145

DOI: 10.34736/FNC.2022.117.2.004.37-43

Этапы развития аграрной науки и ее вклад в результативность АПК Волгоградской области

Александр Михайлович Беляков, д.с.-х. н., профессор, г.н.с., е-mail: dokbam49@mail.ru, ORCID: 0000-0002-9541-8383, лаборатория агротехнологий и систем земледелия в агролесоландшафтах – Федеральное государственное бюджетное научное учреждение «Федеральный научный центр агроэкологии, комплексных мелиораций и защитного лесоразведения Российской академии наук» (ФНЦ агроэкологии РАН), е-mail: info@vfanc.ru, 400062, пр. Университетский, 97, г. Волгоград, Россия

Аннотация. Степные районы России наиболее пригодны для ведения успешного земледелия. Их интенсивное освоение началось в 17-18 веках, сдерживающим фактором являлся низкий уровень развития производительных сил. Причиной была слабость развития науки и качества научного обеспечения аграрного сектора экономики. Актуальность темы продиктована новыми условиями хозяйствования, наложенными санкциями, возросшей конкуренцией, жестким режимом экономии ресурсов (материальных, денежных, людских). Возросла востребованность в анализе использования интеллекта в развитии земледелия, анализе эффективности внедрения научных разработок как на уровне государства, так и отдельных регионов. В работе проведен анализ создания и развития инфраструктуры аграрной науки степного земледелия от Валуйской опытной станции в 1896 году до ФНЦ агроэкологии РАН в 2015 году. Дана характеристика условий земледелия. Представлена динамика изменений в объемах работ по видам обработок почвы в данной области, а также интенсификация отрасли в динамике. Показана высокая роль аграрной науки в обеспечении прогресса аграрного сектора экономики, росте производительности труда, повышении конкурентоспособности отрасли и наращивании объемов производства. Научно-методическая работа и успешная реализация научных разработок на практике аграрного производства свидетельствуют о важности создания инструментария своевременного получения сигналов для участников рынка. Также важен механизм содействия выработки взвешенных управленческих решений в обеспечении отраслевого прогресса на перспективу.

Ключевые слова: развитие земледелия, аграрная наука, вклад ученых, агротехнологии, приемы, урожайность, валовые сборы.

Scientific Agronomy Journal. 2022. 2(117). pp. 37-43

Land cultivation, crop production

DOI: 10.34736/FNC.2022.117.2.004.37-43

Agricultural Science Development Stages and Its Contribution to the Effectiveness of the Agro-Industrial Complex of the Volgograd Region

Alexander M. Belyakov, D.S-Kh.N., Professor, Leader Researcher, ORCID: 0000-0002-9541-8383, е-mail: dokbam49@mail.ru, Laboratory of Agricultural Technologies and farming systems in agroforest landscapes – Federal State Budget Scientific Institution «Federal Scientific Centre of Agroecology, Complex Melioration and Protective Afforestation of the Russian Academy of Sciences» (FSC of Agroecology RAS), e-mail: info@vfanc.ru, 400062, Universitetskiy Prospekt, 97, Volgograd, Russia

Abstract. The steppe regions of Russia are the most suitable for successful farming. Their intensive development began in the 17th and 18th centuries, the low level of productive forces development was a limiting factor. The reason was the weakness of the science development and the quality of scientific support for the agricultural sector of the economy. The relevance of the topic is dictated by new economic conditions, imposed sanctions, increased competition, and a strict regime of saving resources (material, monetary, human). The demand for the analysis of the use of intelligence in the development of agriculture, the analysis of the scientific developments introduction effectiveness both at the state level and in individual regions has increased. The paper analyzes the creation and development of the infrastructure of the agrarian science of steppe agriculture from the Valuisk Experimental Station in 1896 to the Federal Scientific Centre of Agroecology of the Russian Academy of Sciences in 2015. The characteristic of farming conditions is given. The dynamics of changes in the volume of work by types of soil treatments in this area, as well as the intensification of the industry in dynamics, is presented. The high role of agricultural science in ensuring the progress of the agricultural sector of the economy, the growth of labor productivity, increasing the competitiveness of the industry and increasing production volumes is shown. Scientific and methodological work and successful implementation of scientific developments in the practice of agricultural production indicate the importance of creating tools for timely receipt of signals for market participants. Also important is the mechanism for facilitating the development of balanced management decisions in ensuring industry progress in the future.

Keywords: development of agriculture, agricultural science, contribution of scientists, agricultural technologies, techniques, yield, gross fees

Научно-агрономический журнал. 2022. №2(117). С. 44-49

Земледелие, растениеводство

УДК633.11:631.54

DOI: 10.34736/FNC.2022.117.2.005.44-49

Действие биопрепаратов на урожайность озимой пшеницы

¹Галина Михайловна Зеленская, д.с.-х.н., е-mail: zela_06@mail.ru, профессор кафедры растениеводства и садоводства, ORCID: 0000-0002-1537-9207;

¹Владислав Олегович Шашлов, магистрант 2 курса по направлению подготовки 35.04.04 Агрономия – 1 Федеральное государственное бюджетное общеобразовательное учреждение высшее образование «Донской государственный аграрный университет» (ФГБОУ ВО Дон ГАУ), е-mail: agrofak-dgau@yandex.ru 346493, ул. Кривошлыкова, 24, пос. Персиановский, Октябрьского района, Ростовской области, Россия

Аннотация. В Ростовской области ежегодно при производстве зерна серьезные проблемы создают возбудители болезней, которые заселяют семена и растительные остатки в почве. Их вредоносность оценивается потерей 10-20% урожая зерна. Развитию болезней способствует возделывание сортов, неустойчивых к болезням. Важным звеном в получении экологически чистой сельскохозяйственной продукции с низкими затратами является использование биологических препаратов, способных повысить устойчивость растений к болезням и неблагоприятным факторам среды, а также их продуктивность. Проведено исследование по определению биологической и экономической эффективности применения биопрепаратов в условиях Ростовской области. Семена озимой пшеницы сорта Алексеевич за сутки до посева обрабатывались биологическими препаратами Агат 25 К, Альбит, Новосил ВЭ, Биосил, Альфастим, Бигус. В результате проведенных исследований определены биопрепараты, оказавшие положительное влияние на посевные качества семян, осеннее развитие и зимостойкость растений, устойчивость к болезням, элементы структуры и урожайность озимой пшеницы. Лучшие показатели были получены при обработке семян препаратами Биосил (50 мл/т), Альфастим (50 мл/т) и Бигус (0,5 л/т). На вариантах с применением этих препаратов получены высокие экономические показатели. Рекомендации позволят получать высокую и стабильную урожайность высококачественного зерна озимой пшеницы. 

Ключевые слова: озимая пшеница, болезни, биопрепарат, жизнеспособность семян, посевные качества, урожайность.

Scientific Agronomy Journal. 2022. 2(117). pp. 44-49

Land cultivation, crop production

DOI: 10.34736/FNC.2022.117.2.005.44-49

The Effect of Biological Products on the Yield of Winter Wheat

¹Galina M. Zelenskaya, D.S-Kh.N., Professor of the Department of Plant Growing and Horticulture; e-mail: zela_06@mail.ru, ORCID: 0000-0002-1537-9207;

¹Vladislav O. Shashlov, graduate student – 1 Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education “Don State Agrarian University”

(Don State Agrarian University) e-mail: agrofak-dgau@yandex.ru 346493, Krivoshlykov str., 24, village Persianovsky, Oktyabrsky district, Rostov region, Russia

Abstract. Every year in the Rostov region during grain production, serious problems are created by pathogens that populate seeds and plant residues in the soil. Their harmfulness is estimated by the loss of 10-20% of the grain harvest. The cultivation of varieties that are unstable to diseases contributes to the development of diseases. An important process in obtaining environmentally friendly agricultural products with low costs is the use of biological preparations that can increase the resistance of plants to diseases and adverse environmental factors, as well as their productivity. The purpose of the research: to determine the biological and economic efficiency of the biological products use in the technology of growing winter wheat in the central zone of the Rostov region conditions. Seeds of winter wheat of the Alekseevich variety were treated with biological preparations a day before sowing. As a result of the carried out research, biological preparations that had a positive effect on the sowing qualities of seeds, disease resistance, structural elements and yield of winter wheat were identified. The best results were obtained when seeds were treated with Biosil (50 ml/t), Alphastim (50 ml/t) and Bigus (0.5 l/t). The recommendations will allow you to obtain a high and stable yield of high-quality winter wheat grain.

Keywords: winter wheat, biological product, seed viability, yield, sowing qualities, diseases

Научно-агрономический журнал. 2022. №2(117). С. 50-55

Земледелие, растениеводство

УДК 631:332.12

DOI: 10.34736/FNC.2022.117.2.006.50-55

Влияние природно-климатических условий и рыночной конъюнктуры на земледельческую специализацию Обливского района Ростовской области

Максим Рафаэльевич Шайфуллин, инженер исследователь¹, магистрант², ORCID: 0000-0001-5055-7251

¹Федеральное государственное бюджетное научное учреждение «Федеральный научный центр агроэкологии, комплексных мелиораций и защитного лесоразведения Российской академии наук» (ФНЦ агроэкологии РАН), e-mail: info@vfanc.ru, 400062, Университетский проспект, 97, Волгоград, Россия

²Федеральное государственное автономное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Волгоградский государственный университет», e-mail: ob.otdel@volsu.ru, 400062, Университетский проспект, 100, Волгоград, Россия

Аннотация. Статья касается проблемы устойчивого сельскохозяйственного развития засушливых регионов нашей страны. В частности, работа посвящена исследованию развития земледельческого хозяйства в северо-восточной части Ростовской области. Актуальность и новизна работы заключается в изучении специфики развития сельскохозяйственного экономического комплекса района как составной части региональной и федеральной экономики. Проведена ретроспектива развития земледелия в поселениях донского казачества с середины XVIII века. Рассмотрены природные, агроклиматические условия и ресурсы, повлиявшие на специализацию хозяйства Обливского района, выявившие преимущества тех или иных сельскохозяйственных культур в растениеводстве. Изучено влияние мирового рынка и колебаний спроса и предложения продуктов земледелия на соотношение сельхозкультур в посевных площадях. Так, высокий спрос на пшеницу обусловил доминирование в посевах именно этой зерновой культуры. С начала XIX века здесь сложились условия для экспорта зерновых культур, в связи с чем установилось преобладание в посевах пшеницы, ячменя и проса. Констатируется, что в земледелии в общих чертах сохранилась историческая преемственность, обусловленная местной спецификой природных условий. Так, площадь посевов озимой пшеницы с 2016 по 2020 гг. возросла на 26,5%, в 2020 году озимая пшеница составила 73,2% всех посевных площадей. Доля же всех зерновых в посевах с 2016 по 2020 гг. возросла с 75,4% до 93,4%. Подобное положение сохранится и в ближайшем будущем, что стоит учитывать при планировании стратегии развития территории и поддержания её экологической безопасности. Для этого потребуются дополнительные инвестиции и внедрение новых технологических укладов в сельское хозяйство данного района.

Ключевые слова: земледелие, зерновое хозяйство, Ростовская область, Средний Дон, экспорт зерна, Обливский район.

Scientific Agronomy Journal. 2022. 2(117). pp. 50-55

Land cultivation, crop production

DOI: 10.34736/FNC.2022.117.2.006.50-55

The Influence of Natural and Climatic Conditions and Market Environment on the Agricultural Specialization of the Oblivsky District of the Rostov Region

Maxim R. Shaifullin, Research Engineer¹, Master’s student², ORCID: 0000-0001-5055-7251

¹ Federal State Budget Scientific Institution «Federal Scientific Centre of Agroecology, Complex Melioration and Protective Afforestation of the Russian Academy of Sciences» (FSC of Agroecology RAS), e-mail: nfo@vfanc.ru, 400062, Universitetsciy Avenue, 97, Volgograd, Russia

² Federal State Autonomous Education Institution of Higher Education «Volgograd State University», e-mail: ob.otdel@volsu.ru, 400062, Universitetskiy Prospekt, 97, Volgograd, Russia

Abstract. The article concerns the problem of sustainable agricultural development of arid regions in our country. In particular, the work is devoted to the study of the agriculture development in the north-eastern part of the Rostov region. The relevance and novelty of the work is to study the specifics of the development of the agricultural economic complex of the district as an integral part of the regional and federal economy. A retrospective of the agriculture development in the Don Cossacks settlements from the middle of the XVIII century was carried out. The natural, agroclimatic conditions and resources that influenced the specialization of the economy of the Oblivsky district, which revealed the advantages of certain agricultural crops in plant growing, are considered. The influence of the world market and fluctuations in the supply and demand of agricultural products on the ratio of crops in acreage has been studied. Thus, the high demand for wheat caused the dominance of this particular grain crop in the cultures. Since the beginning of the XIX century, conditions have developed here for the export of grain crops, in connection with which the predominance of wheat, barley and millet in crops has been established. It is stated that in agriculture, in general terms, historical continuity has been preserved, due to the local specifics of natural conditions. Thus, the area of winter wheat sown from 2016 to 2020 increased by 26.5%, in 2020 winter wheat accounted for 73.2% of all sown areas. The share of all cereals in crops from 2016 to 2020 increased from 75.4% to 93.4%. This situation will continue in the near future, which should be taken into account when planning a strategy for the development of the territory and maintaining its environmental safety. This will require additional investments and the introduction of new technological structures in the agriculture of this area.

Keywords: agriculture, grain farming, Rostov region, Middle Don, grain export, Oblivsky district

Научно-агрономический журнал. 2022. №2(117). С. 56-61

Селекция, семеноводство

УДК 634.233:632.911.4:631.526.32:631.559.2

DOI: 10.34736/FNC.2022.117.2.007.56-61

Влияние биотических и абиотических факторов на формирование урожайности вишни обыкновенной

Елена Николаевна Киктева, н.с., ORCID ID 0000-0002-3095-2884

Андрей Валерьевич Солонкин, д.с.-х.н., ORCID ID 0000-0002-1576-7824

Ольга Алексеевна Никольская, с.н.с., ORCID ID 0000-0002-1337-7101 лаборатория селекции, семеноводства и питомниководства –

Федеральное государственное бюджетное научное учреждение «Федеральный научный центр агроэкологии, комплексных мелиораций и защитного лесоразведения Российской академии наук» (ФНЦ агроэкологии РАН), e-mail: info@vfanc.ru, 400062, Университетский проспект, 97, г. Волгоград, Россия

Аннотация.  Получение высоких урожаев плодов во многом зависит от сорта. При правильном подборе сортов продуктивность садов повышается, при этом обеспечивается равномерное потребление плодов как в свежем, так и переработанном виде в течение всего года. Важнейшим звеном в мероприятии по развитию садоводства является подбор сортов, особенно косточковых культур как наиболее уязвимых для различных абиотических и биотических аномалий. Сортовой состав плодовых культур, в том числе косточковых, таких как вишня, в Волгоградской области очень разнообразен. При этом сорта характеризуются большим варьированием качественных показателей, а также устойчивости и продуктивности. За счет постоянного вовлечения новых сортов различного происхождения сортимент вишни в регионе расширяется, что затрудняет выбор действительно качественных сортов как для промышленного выращивания, так и для приусадебного садоводства. Одним из существенных показателей при подборе сорта является его высокая продуктивность и стабильность плодоношения по годам, что обеспечивается высокой устойчивостью к неблагоприятным факторам внешней среды. В связи с этим изучение сортов, в особенности интродуцированных, в условиях Волгоградской области является крайне важным и актуальным. В результате продолжительного наблюдения и изучения местных и интродуцированных сортов стало возможно подобрать сортимент вишни, дающий стабильные высокие урожаи и обладающие высокой устойчивостью к абиотическим и биотическим факторам. Признаков поражения изучаемых сортов заболеванием Cylindrosporium hiemale (Higg) не наблюдалось. Оценка устойчивости вишни к Моnilia fructigena показала, что все сорта имеют определенную степень устойчивости. Менее устойчивым показал себя сорт Норд Стар (10-20%). За время проведения опытов (2019-2021 гг.) выявлены лучшие сорта: Любимица, Лозновская и Игрушка, показавшие устойчивость к грибковым заболеваниям и высокую среднюю урожайность, соответственно 9,7, 8,7 и 9,8 кг/дерево.

Ключевые слова: вишня, сорт, плоды, продуктивность, урожайность, устойчивость к болезням

Scientific Agronomy Journal. 2022. 2(117). pp. 56-61

Breeding, seed production

DOI: 10.34736/FNC.2022.117.2.007.56-61

The Biotic and Abiotic Factors Influence on the Ordinary Cherries Yield Formation

Yelena N. Kikteva, researcher, ORCID ID 0000-0002-3095-2884,

Andrey V. Solonkin, D.S-Kh.N., deputy director, head of the breeding and seed center, ORCID 0000-0002-1576-7824

Ol’ga A. Nikol’skaya, senior researcher, e-mail: lelka-nikolskaya@mail.ru, ORCID 0000-0002-1373-7101– Federal State Budget Scientific Institution «Federal Scientific Centre of Agroecology, Complex Melioration and Protective Afforestation of the Russian Academy of Sciences» (FSC of Agroecology RAS), e-mail: info@vfanc.ru, 400062, Universitetskiy Prospekt, 97, Volgograd, Russia

Abstract. Obtaining high yields of fruits largely depends on the variety. With the right choice of varieties, the productivity of orchards increases, while ensuring uniform consumption of fruits both fresh and processed throughout the year. The most important process in the horticulture development event is the selection of varieties, especially stone crops as the most vulnerable to various abiotic and biotic anomalies. The varietal composition of fruit crops, including stone fruits, such as cherries, is very diverse in the Volgograd region. At the same time, the varieties are characterized by a large variation in quality indicators, as well as stability and productivity. Due to the constant involvement of new varieties of various origins, the cherry assortment in the region is expanding, which makes it difficult to choose really high-quality varieties for both industrial cultivation and home gardening. One of the essential indicators in the variety choice is its high productivity and stability of fruiting over the years, which is ensured by high resistance to unfavorable environmental factors. In this regard, the study of varieties, especially introduced ones, in the conditions of the Volgograd region is extremely important and relevant. As a result of long-term observation and study of local and introduced varieties, it became possible to choose a cherry assortment that gives stable high yields and has high resistance to abiotic and biotic factors. There were no signs of damage to the studied varieties by the disease of Cylindrosporium hiemale (Higg). Assessment of cherry resistance to Monilia fructigena showed that all varieties have a certain degree of resistance. The Nord Star variety proved to be less stable (10-20%). During the experiments (2019-2021), the best varieties were identified: Lyubimitsa, Loznovskaya and Igrushka, which showed resistance to fungal diseases and high average yields, respectively 9.7, 8.7 and 9.8 kg/tree.

Keywords: cherry, variety, yield, fruit, productivity, disease resistance

Научно-агрономический журнал. 2022. №2(117). С. 62-67

Биотехнология растений

УДК 606:631.53

DOI: 10.34736/FNC.2022.117.2.008.62-67

Эффективные способы стерилизации семян Robinia pseudoacacia L. для введения в культуру in vitro

Татьяна Васильевна Терещенко, e-mail: tereschenko@vfanc.ru, м.н.с., ORCID 0000-0001-9116-6062; Ольга Олеговна Жолобова, к.б.н., в.н.с., ORCID 0000-0002-1594-4181, зав. лабораторией биотехнологий– Федеральное государственное бюджетное научное учреждение «Федеральный научный центр агроэкологии, комплексных мелиораций и защитного лесоразведения Российской академии наук» (ФНЦ агроэкологии РАН), e-mail: info@vfanc.ru, 400062, пр. Университетский, 97, г. Волгоград, Россия

Аннотация.  Робиния лжеакация (R. pseudoacacia L.) широко используется в аридных районах и относится к почвоулучшающим древесным породам. Культивирование генотипов робинии из семян в условиях in vitro актуально при создании селективных систем, позволяющих искусственно моделировать стресс-факторы окружающей среды и ускоренно отбирать наиболее устойчивые к ним экземпляры. Для введения в культуру in vitro необходимо получить асептический материал. Для этого применяют различные стерилизующие агенты. В статье представлены результаты сравнительной оценки эффективности применения «Лизоформина 3000», нитрата серебра (AgNO₃), перекиси водорода (H₂ O₂) и «Белизны» для стерилизации семян R. pseudoacacia L. на этапе введения в культуру in vitro. В результате проведенного эксперимента было выявлено 5 из 27 примененных режимов стерилизации. На выявленных режимах наблюдались самые высокие показатели стерильных жизнеспособных эксплантов (от 85,0 до 90,0%), их всхожести (от 85,0 до 90,0%) и энергии прорастания (от 80,0 до 85,0%). При повышении концентрации раствора «Лизоформина 3000» и экспозиции значительно снижалась жизнеспособность, всхожесть и энергия прорастания семян, так как альдегиды, которые входят в состав данного стерилизующего агента, в высокой концентрации ингибируют ростовые процессы культивируемых эксплантов. Также наблюдалось изменение морфологии самих проростков. При повышении концентраций и экспозиции стерилизующих растворов серебра азотнокислого (AgNO₃) и «Белизны» отмечались более низкие показатели жизнеспособных семян, их энергии прорастания и всхожести вследствие повреждающего действия стерилизующих веществ.

Ключевые слова: робиния лжеакация, культура in vitro, стерилизация эксплантов, стерилизующие агенты, микроклональное размножение

Scientific Agronomy Journal. 2022. 2(117). pp. 62-67

Plant biotechnology

DOI: 10.34736/FNC.2022.117.2.008.62-67

Effective Methods of Sterilization of Robinia Pseudoacacia L. Seeds for Introduction into Cultivation in Vitro

Tat’yana V. Tereshchenko, junior researcher, tereschenko@vfanc.ru, м.н.с.,ORCID 0000-0001-9116-6062, Biotechnology Laboratory;

Ol’ga O. Zholobova, K.B.N., leader researcher, ORCID 0000-0002-1594-4181, head of the Biotechnology Laboratory – Federal State Budget Scientific Institution «Federal Scientific Centre of Agroecology, Complex Melioration and Protective Afforestation of the Russian Academy of Sciences» (FSC of Agroecology RAS), e-mail: info@vfanc.ru, 400062, Universitetskiy Prospekt, 97, Volgograd, Russia

Abstract. Robinia pseudoacacia (R. pseudoacacia L.) is widely used in arid areas and belongs to soilimproving tree species. The cultivation of robinia genotypes from seeds under in vitro conditions is relevant when creating selective systems that allow artificially modeling environmental stress factors and accelerating the selection of the most resistant specimens to them. For introduction into culture in vitro, it is necessary to obtain aseptic material. To do this, various sterilizing agents are used. The article presents the results of a comparative evaluation of the effectiveness of the «Lysoformin 3000», silver nitrate (AgNO₃), hydrogen peroxide (H₂ O₂) and «Belizna» use for the sterilization of R. pseudoacacia L. seeds at the stage of introduction into culture in vitro. As a result of the experiment, 5 out of 27 applied sterilization modes were identified. The revealed modes showed the highest rates of sterile viable explants (from 85.0 to 90.0%), their germination (from 85.0 to 90.0%) and germination energy (from 80.0 to 85.0%). With an increase in the concentration of the Lysoformin 3000 solution and exposure, the viability, germination and germination energy of seeds significantly decreased, since the aldehydes that are part of this sterilizing agent inhibit the growth processes of cultivated explants in high concentrations. There was also a change in the morphology of the seedlings themselves. With increasing concentrations and exposure of sterilizing solutions of silver nitric acid (AgNO₃) and «Belizna», lower indicators of viable seeds, their germination energy and germination due to the damaging effect of sterilizing substances were noted.

Keywords: robiniapseudoacacia, in vitro culture, sterilization of explants, sterilizing agents, microclonal reproduction

Научно-агрономический журнал. 2022. №3(118). С. 08-13

Проблемы, суждения, факты

УДК 630*181:631.6:551.577.62

DOI: 10.34736/FNC.2022.118.3.001.08-13

Современное состояние защитных лесонасаждений в Российской Федерации и их роль в смягчении последствий засух и опустынивания земель

Константин Николаевич Кулик, д.с.-х.н., профессор, академик РАН, г.н.с., ORCID 0000-0001-7124-8116, e-mail: Kulikk@vfanc.ru – Федеральное государственное бюджетное научное учреждение «Федеральный научный центр агроэкологии, комплексных мелиораций и защитного лесоразведения Российской академии наук» (ФНЦ агроэкологии РАН), e-mail: info@vfanc.ru, 400062, Университетский проспект, 97, Волгоград, Россия

Аннотация. В аналитическом обзоре представлены результаты многолетних исследований ученых ФНЦ агроэкологии РАН (ранее ВНИАЛМИ) о состоянии защитных лесных насаждений в РФ. Дана оценка их роли в смягчении засух, борьбе с деградацией земель и опустыниванием, обеспечении роста урожайности сельхозкультур и стабилизации общей экологической обстановки в агросфере. Отмечено, что в результате старения насаждений, вырубки, пожаров, самовольной раскорчевки, нестабильности, неорганизованности проведения посадочных работ и уходов за посадками, которые проводятся, как правило, в авральном режиме после катастрофических засух, пыльных бурь, происходит ежегодная гибель лесокультур. С 1994 года площадь насаждений сократилась на 287 тыс га. На сегодня площадь искусственных защитных лесных насаждений составляет 1,3% аграрной территории России, что в 3-6 раз меньше научно обоснованных норм облесения. Исследования показали, что агролесокомплексы эффективны в том случае, когда они охватывают полностью площадь водосбора или района дефляции и опустынивания. Предложены актуальные направления научных исследований для обеспечения лесомелиоративных работ и проект первоочередных организационных и законодательных мер для эффективной реализации мероприятий, направленных на развитие агролесомелиорации и защитного лесоразведения в РФ. Засушливый пояс в границах Российской Федерации включает лесостепную, степную, сухостепную, полупустынную и частично пустынную биоклиматические зоны. Эти земли являются основой сельскохозяйственного производства РФ. Здесь выращивается 80% зерновых и овощных культур, 70% фруктов и ягод, 100% бахчевых и винограда. Однако эти территории периодически в разной степени подвергаются воздействию засух, суховеев, пыльных бурь, дефляции, эрозии и засолению почв и, как следствие, опустыниванию.

Ключевые слова: агролесомелиорация, причины опустынивания, антропогенное опустынивание, мониторинг процессов опустынивания, защитные лесонасаждения, агролесокомплексы, фитомелиорация

Scientific Agronomy Journal. 2022. 3(118). pp. 08-13

Problems, judgments, facts

DOI: 10.34736/FNC.2022.118.3.001.08-13

The Current State of Protective Forest Plantations in the Russian Federation and Their Role in Mitigating the Effects of Droughts and Land Desertification

Konstantin N. Kulik, D.S-Kh.N., Professor, Academician of RAS, Leader Researcher, ORCID 0000-0001-7124-8116, e-mail: Kulikk@vfanc.ru – Federal State Budget Scientific Institution «Federal Scientific Center of Agroecology, Complex Melioration and Protective Afforestation of the Russian Academy of Sciences» (FSC of Agroecology of the RAS), e-mail: info.vfanc.ru, 400062, Universitetskiy Prospekt, 97, Volgograd, Russia

Abstract. The analytical review presents the results of long-term research by the FSC of agroecology RAS (formerly VNIALMI) scientists about the state of protective forest plantations in the Russian Federation. Their role in droughts mitigating, combating land degradation and desertification, ensuring crop yield growth and stabilizing the overall environmental situation in the agricultural sphere is assessed. It is noted that there is an annual loss of forest crops as a result of the aging of plantings, deforestation, fires, unauthorized uprooting, instability, disorganization of planting and care of plantings, which are carried out, as a rule, in an emergency mode after catastrophic droughts, dust storms. Since 1994, the area of plantings has decreased by 287 thousand hectares. Today, the area of artificial protective forest stands is 1.3% of the agricultural territory of Russia, which is 3-6 times less than the scientifically based afforestation standards. Studies have shown that agroforestry complexes are effective when they completely cover the catchment area or the area of deflation and desertification. The current directions of scientific research to ensure forest reclamation work as well as the draft of priority organizational and legislative measures for the effective implementation of measures aimed at the development of agroforestry and protective afforestation in the Russian Federation are proposed. The arid zone within the borders of the Russian Federation includes forest-steppe, steppe, drysteppe, semi-desert and partially desert bioclimatic zones. These lands are the basis of agricultural production in the Russian Federation. 80% of grain and vegetable crops, 70% of fruits and berries, 100% of melons and grapes are grown here. However, these territories are periodically affected by droughts, dry winds, dust storms, deflation, erosion and salinization of soils and, as a result, desertification.

Keywords: agroforestry, causes of desertification, anthropogenic desertification, monitoring of desertification processes, protective forest plantations, agroforestry complexes, phytomelioration

Научно-агрономический журнал. 2022. №3(118). С. 14-22

Агролесомелиорация

УДК 551.42.631.48

DOI: 10.34736/FNC.2022.118.3.002.14-22

Подземные пресные воды засушливых регионов юга России и их использование в борьбе с опустыниванием почв

Залибек Гаджиевич Залибеков, д.б.н., профессор, ORCID 0000-0001-7008-9870,

Мустангер Шарабуттинович Абдуллаев, к.х.н., ORCID 0000-0003-0030-594X,

Сурхай Ахмедович Мамаев, к.т.н., ORCID 0000-0002-0250-7759,

Магомедрасул Абакарович Мусаев, ORCID 0000-0001-9918-0045,

Патимат Джамаловна Мусалаева, Залимхан Валиевич Валиев – Институт геологии Дагестанского федерального исследовательского центра РАН, e-mail: dangeo@mail.ru, 367030, ул. Ярагского, 75, г. Махачкала, Республика Дагестан, Россия

Аннотация. В решении проблемы продовольственной безопасности важное значение имеет рациональное использование почвенного покрова с применением подземных пресных вод c учетом их качества, запасов и ареалов распространения. Исходя из этой концепции, нами проведены исследования по повышению плодородия почв с использованием нетрадиционных источников воды, пригодных для орошения и находящихся в состоянии категории неиспользуемых резервов, обладающих большими запасами. Это особенно важно для аридных регионов, где высокая степень обеспеченности солнечной энергией и светом, а подземные пресные воды остаются незамеченными среди ресурсов, используемых в отраслях, производящих биологическую продукцию. По результатам наших экспериментов объемы подаваемой воды по используемым видам растений установлены в пределах 120–130 м3 /га. Режим поливов, применяемый на площади 6,5 га, осуществляется за 12-14 дней и повторяется 4-5 раз в течение года. В результате повышается плодородие деградированных почв пастбищ и урожайность кормовых растений на 25-30%. Для практического применения рекомендуется представить технологию использования подземных пресных вод в качестве альтернативы к общепринятой системе классических методов орошения.

Ключевые слова: подземные воды, почвы аридных земель, плодородие, гидрогеологические параметры, деградация почв, травосмесь, ресурсоведческий потенциал, естественная возобновляемость, продовольственная безопасность

Scientific Agronomy Journal. 2022. 3(118). pp. 14-22

Agroforestry melioration

DOI: 10.34736/FNC.2022.118.3.002.14-22

Underground Fresh Waters of Southern Russia Arid Regions and Their Use in Combating Against Soil Desertification

Z.G. Zalibekov, D.S-Kh.N., Professor, ORCID 0000-0001-7008-9870,

M.Sh. Abdullaev, K.Ch.N., ORCID 0000-0003-0030-594X,

S.A. Mamaev, K.T.N., ORCID 0000-0002-0250-7759,

M.A. Musaev, ORCID 0000-0001-9918-0045,

P.D. Musalaeva, Z.V. Valiev – Institute of Geology, Dagestan Federal Research Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, e-mail: dangeo@mail.ru, 367030, 75 Yaragskogo str., Makhachkala, Republic of Dagestan, Russia

Abstract. In solving the problem of food safety, rational use of soil cover with the use of underground fresh water, taking into account their quality, reserves and distribution areas, is important. Based on this concept, we have carried research to increase soil fertility using unconventional water sources suitable for irrigation and in the category of unused reserves with large stocks. This is especially important for arid regions, where there is a high degree of solar energy and light provision, and underground fresh water remains unnoticed among the resources used in manufactucing biological products industries. According to the results of our experiments, the volumes of supplied water for the plant species are set within 120-130 m3 /ha. The irrigation regime applied on an area of 6.5 hectares is carried out in 12-14 days and is repeated 4-5 times throughout the year. As a result, the fertility of degraded pasture soils and the yield of forage plants increases by 25-30%. For practical application, it is recommended to present the technology of using underground fresh water as an alternative to the generally accepted system of classical irrigation methods.

Keywords: groundwater, soils of arid lands, fertility, hydrogeological parameters, soil degradation, grass mixture, resource potential, natural renewability, food safety

Научно-агрономический журнал. 2022. №3(118). С. 23-30

Агролесомелиорация

УДК 631.67

DOI: 10.34736/FNC.2022.118.3.003.23-30

Развитие противоэрозийной мелиорации в Республике Татарстан и ее эколого-экономическая эффективность

Марс Мансурович Хисматуллин, д.с.-х.н., e-mail: marsmansurovic@mail.ru,

ORCID: 0000-0002-0201-8373

Марсель Мансурович Хисматуллин, д.с.-х.н., доцент, ORCID: 0000-0002-1640-9447

Казанский государственный аграрный университет, info@kazgau.com, 420015, ул. К. Маркса, 65, г. Казань

Аннотация. В обзорной статье рассмотрена одна из ключевых проблем развития земледелия в Республике Татарстан – прогрессирующая деградация почвенного покрова. Показано, что растущие масштабы водной эрозии наносят огромный ущерб не только сельскому хозяйству, но и большим и малым рекам региона. Территория республики характеризуется большой расчлененностью, что является базисом эрозии почв. В статье исследованы вопросы влияния эрозии почв на эффективность сельскохозяйственного производства. Особое внимание уделено разработке научно-обоснованных противоэрозийных мер борьбы с эрозией почв в земледелии Республики Татарстан. В работе представлены выявленные тенденции развития эрозии почв на региональном уровне и обоснованы первоочередные противоэрозийные меры в земледелии Республики Татарстан. Показано, что одним из самых эффективных способов борьбы против эрозии почв и оптимизации агроландшафтов служит создание почвозащитных лесополос, а также строительство противоэрозионных сооружений, которые оказывают стабилизирующее действие на формирование высокопродуктивных агроценозов сельскохозяйственных культур. Установлено, что в среднем по Республике Татарстан один комплекс противоэрозионных мероприятий защищает до 120 га земель от дальнейшего развития эрозионных процессов. Стоимость комплекса противоэрозионных мероприятий, включая противоэрозионный пруд – 2,5 млн руб., срок окупаемости составляет 2 года. Приведены примеры, эффективной борьбы с прогрессирующей деградации почвенного покрова сельскохозяйственных земель в Республике Татарстан. Предложены меры, позволяющие повысить плодородие почвенного покрова земли, по развитию аграрного производства, сокращению выбытия сельскохозяйственных угодий, а также способствующие восстановлению реки Волги, улучшению экологической ситуации в Поволжье.

Ключевые слова: проблемы земледелия, эрозия почв, противоэрозийные мероприятия, агролесомелиорация, экология, экономический эффект.

Scientific Agronomy Journal. 2022. 3(118). pp. 23-30

Agroforestry melioration

DOI: 10.34736/FNC.2022.118.3.003.23-30

Anti-Erosion Melioration Development in the Republic of Tatarstan and Its Ecological and Economic Efficiency

Mars M. Khismatullin, D.S-Kh.N., e-mail: marsmansurovic@mail.ru, ORCID: 0000-0002-0201-8373

Marsel M. Khismatullin, D.S-Kh.N., Docent, ORCID: 0000-0002-1640-9447 –

Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Kazan State Agricultural University», info@kazgau.com, 420015, 65 K. Marx street, Kazan

Abstract. The review article considers one of the key problems of agriculture development in the Republic of Tatarstan – the progressive degradation of the soil cover. It is shown that the growing scale of water erosion causes enormous damage not only to agriculture, but also to large and small rivers of the region. The relief of the republic is characterized by a large fragmentation, which is the basis of soil erosion. The article examines the impact of soil erosion on the efficiency of agricultural production. Special attention is paid to the development of scientifically-based antierosion measures to combat soil erosion in agriculture of the Republic of Tatarstan. The paper presents the identified trends in the development of soil erosion at the regional level and substantiates the priority anti-erosion measures in agriculture of the Republic of Tatarstan. It is shown that one of the most effective ways to combat soil erosion and optimize agricultural landscapes is the creation of soil-protective forest belts, as well as the construction of anti-erosion structures that have a stabilizing effect on the formation of highly productive agrocenoses. It is established that, on average, in the Republic of Tatarstan, one system of anti-erosion measures protects up to 120 hectares of land from further development of erosion processes. The cost of an anti–erosion measures system, including an anti-erosion pond, is 2.5 million rubles, the payback period is 2 years. Examples of effective control of the agricultural lands soil cover progressive degradation in the Republic of Tatarstan are given. Measures to increase the soil cover fertility, develop an agricultural production, reduce the agricultural land disposal, as well as to contribute the Volga River restoration, improve the ecological situation in the Volga region are proposed.

Keywords: problems of agriculture, soil erosion, antierosion measures, agroforestry melioration, ecology, economic effect

Научно-агрономический журнал. 2022. №3(118). С. 31-36

Агролесомелиорация

УДК 528.873

DOI: 10.34736/FNC.2022.118.3.004.31-36

Геоинформационный анализ развития процессов опустынивания в Ставропольском крае

Валерия Витальевна Дорошенко, м.н.с., doroshenko-vv@vfanc.ru, ORCID: 0000-0003-3253-1132, лаборатория геоинформационного моделирования и картографирования агролесоландшафтов – Федеральное государственное бюджетное научное учреждение «Федеральный научный центр агроэкологии, комплексных мелиораций и защитного лесоразведения Российской академии наук» (ФНЦ агроэкологии РАН), e-mail: info.vfanc.ru, 400062, Университетский проспект, 97, Волгоград, Россия

Аннотация. В настоящей статье представлены результаты геоинформационного анализа пространственного развития процессов опустынивания на северо-востоке Ставропольского края – в Левокумском муниципальном районе и Нефтекумском городском округе. Резкий рост интенсивности этих процессов требует изучения, оценки и прогнозирования для своевременного принятия мер по предотвращению или смягчению последствий для деятельности человека. В рамках исследования проведено визуальное дешифрирование растровых данных космической съемки (Sentinel с пространственным разрешением 10 м и Landsat с пространственным разрешением 30 м) за период с 1990 по 2020 гг. с интервалом 10 лет. Полученные электронные карты проанализированы в среде геоинформационного программного обеспечения «QGIS 3.4», в статье приведены количественные данные по числу и площадям очагов опустынивания. Проведен анализ климатических условий и пастбищной нагрузки как факторов развития процессов опустынивания. Выявленные объекты концентрируются в восточной части территории исследования, граничащей с Республиками Калмыкия и Дагестан. В 2020 году выявлен значительный рост занятых песками площадей (до 40 раз по сравнению с 2010 годом), связанный с интенсивными песчаными бурями на территории сопредельных субъектов РФ. На основании векторных данных дешифрирования составлены схемы пространственного распределения очагов опустынивания и карта-схема динамики роста очагов опустынивания.

Ключевые слова: Ставропольский край, опустынивание, ГИС-технологии, геоинформационный анализ, дистанционное зондирование

Scientific Agronomy Journal. 2022. 3(118). pp. 31-36

Agroforestry melioration

DOI: 10.34736/FNC.2022.118.3.004.31-36

Geoinformation Analysis of the Desertification Processes Development in the Stavropol Region

Valeria V. Doroshenko, doroshenko-vv@vfanc.ru, ORCID: 0000-0003-3253-1132, Junior Researcher of the Laboratory of Geoinformation Modeling and Mapping of Agroforestry Landscapes – Federal State Budget Scientific Institution «Federal Scientific Center of Agroecology, Complex Melioration and Protective Afforestation of the Russian Academy of Sciences» (FSC of Agroecology of the RAS), e-mail: info.vfanc.ru, 400062, Universitetskiy Prospekt 97, Volgograd, Russia

Abstract. This article presents the results of a geoinformation analysis of the spatial development of desertification processes in the north-east of the Stavropol Territory – in the Levokumsky municipal district and the Neftekumsky urban district. A sharp increase in the intensity of these processes requires studying, assessment and forecasting in order to take timely measures to prevent or mitigate the consequences for human activity. As part of the study, the visual decoding of satellite imagery raster data (Sentinel with a spatial resolution of 10 m and Landsat with a spatial resolution of 30 m) was carried out for the period from 1990 to 2020 with an interval of 10 years. The obtained electronic maps were analyzed in the environment of the geoinformation software «QGIS 3.4», the article provides quantitative data on the number and areas of desertification foci. The analysis of climatic conditions and pasture load as factors of the desertification processes development is carried out. The identified objects are concentrated in the eastern part of the study area bordering the Republics of Kalmykia and Dagestan. In 2020, a significant increase in the areas occupied by sand was revealed (up to 40 times compared to 2010), associated with intense sandstorms on the territory of neighboring subjects of the Russian Federation. Based on the vector data of decoding, desertification foci spatial distribution schemes and a map-scheme of the desertification foci growth dynamics are compiled.

Keywords: Stavropol Territory, desertification, GIS technologies, geoinformation analysis, remote sensing

Научно-агрономический журнал. 2022. №3(118). С. 37-42

Агролесомелиорация

УДК 528.946

DOI: 10.34736/FNC.2022.118.3.005.37-42

Моделирование водосборных областей реки Донская Царица

Мария Олеговна Шатровская, м.н.с., e-mail: shatrovskayam@vfanc.ru, ORCID: 0000-0002-3202-4184, лаборатория агротехнологий и систем земледелия в агролесоландшафтах – Федеральное государственное бюджетное научное учреждение «Федеральный научный центр агроэкологии, комплексных мелиораций и защитного лесоразведения Российской академии наук» (ФНЦ агроэкологии РАН), e-mail: info@vfanc.ru, 400062, пр. Университетский, 97, г. Волгоград, Россия Николай Олегович Шатровский, студент – Федеральное государственное автономное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Волгоградский государственный университет» (ВолГУ), ob.otdel@volsu.ru, 400062, пр. Университетский, д. 100, г. Волгоград, Россия

Аннотация. В статье представлены результаты моделирования водосбора реки Донская Царица, которые необходимы при создании адаптивных агролесомелиоративных комплексов, противостоящих деградированию и опустыниванию земель. Картографирование и моделирование водосборных площадей малых рек, одной из которых является река Донская Царица, представляют собой современные и доступные инструменты изучения особенностей формирования поверхностного стока, его характера, направления и площади. Актуальность исследовательской работы обусловлена тем, что моделирование водосбора современными инструментами изучено недостаточно, а имеющиеся методики используют в основе классические методы изучения, которые зачастую не отличаются достаточной точностью. Объект исследования расположен сразу в двух районах Волгоградской области (Светлоярский и Калачовский) и является левым притоком реки Дон, впадающим в Цимлянское водохранилище. С помощью геоинформационных технологий моделирование позволяет определить ряд показателей поверхностного стока, а также провести измерения характеристик рельефа водосбора реки Донская Царица. Результатом исследования стало моделирование водосборных областей на территории бассейна реки Донская Царица и создание на основе цифровой модели местности карты рельефа водосбора и карты направления его стока. В результате выполненного исследования был выявлен перепад высот, который составил 154 м, при преобладающем северном (25,4% ячеек) и западном (15,8% ячеек) направлении стока. Анализ картографических данных выявил 379 водосборных областей в пределах реки Донская Царица. Площадь водосбора по результатам моделирования составила 1563,5 км².

Ключевые слова: моделирование водосбора, водосбор, поверхностный сток, рельеф, ГИС

Scientific Agronomy Journal. 2022. 3(118). pp. 37-42

Agroforestry melioration

DOI: 10.34736/FNC.2022.118.3.005.37-42

Modeling of the Drainage Areas of the Donskaya Tsaritsa River

Mariya O. Shatrovskaya, Junior Researcher, e-mail: shatrovskayam@vfanc.ru, ORCID: 0000-0002-3202-4184, Laboratory of Agricultural Technologies and farming systems in agroforest landscapes – Federal State Budget Scientific Institution «Federal Scientific Centre of Agroecology, Complex Melioration and Protective Afforestation of the Russian Academy of Sciences» (FSC of Agroecology RAS), e-mail: info@vfanc.ru, 400062, Universitetskiy Prospekt, 97, Volgograd, Russia

Nikolaj O. SHatrovskij, student – Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education «Volgograd State University», ob.otdel@volsu.ru, 400062, 100 Universitetsky Ave., Volgograd, Russia

Abstract. The article presents the results of modeling the catchment area of the Donskaya Tsaritsa River, which are necessary for the creation of adaptive agroforestry complexes that resist land degradation and desertification. Mapping and modeling of catchment areas of small rivers, one of which is the Donskaya Tsaritsa River, are actual and accessible tools for studying the features of the surface runoff formation, its nature, direction and area. The relevance of the research work is due to the fact that the catchment area modeling with actual tools has not been studied enough, and the available methods are based on classical methods of study, which often do not differ in sufficient accuracy. The studied object is located in two districts of the Volgograd region (Svetloyarsky and Kalachovsky) and is a left tributary of the Don River flowing into the Tsimlyanskoye reservoir. With the help of geoinformation technologies, modeling makes it possible to identify a number of surface runoff indicators, as well as to measure the characteristics of the Donskaya Tsaritsa River catchment area relief. The result of the study was the catchment areas modeling on the territory of the Donskaya Tsaritsa River basin and the creation of a digital terrain model of the catchment relief map and a map of its flow direction. As a result of the performed study, a height difference was revealed, which amounted to 154 m, with the predominant northern (25.4% of cells) and western (15.8% of cells) flow direction. The analysis of cartographic data revealed 379 catchment areas within the Donskaya Tsaritsa River. The catchment area according to the simulation results was 1563.5 km².

Keywords: watershed modeling, watershed, surface runoff, relief, GIS

Научно-агрономический журнал. 2022. №3(118). С. 43-48

Агролесомелиорация

УДК 528.88

DOI: 10.34736/FNC.2022.118.3.006.43-48

Пространственный анализ защитных лесных насаждений северной части Ергенинской возвышенности

Алина Владимировна Мелихова^1,2, лаборант-исследователь, студент, e-mail: melihova-a@vfanc.ru –

¹ Федеральное государственное бюджетное научное учреждение «Федеральный научный центр агроэкологии, комплексных мелиораций и защитного лесоразведения Российской академии наук» (ФНЦ агроэкологии РАН), e-mail: info@vfanc.ru, 400062, пр. Университетский, 97, г. Волгоград, Россия

² Волгоградский государственный университет (ВолГУ), e-mail: info@volsu.ru, 4000620, проспект Университетский, 100, г. Волгоград, Россия

Аннотация. Исследование связано с проблемой опустынивания южных регионов России с аридным типом климата, где актуальным является постоянный мониторинг состояния полезащитных лесных полос, препятствующих деградации агроландшафтов. Статья посвящена пространственному анализу защитных лесных насаждений (ЗЛН) на территории водосборов реки Донская Царица, а также реки Большая Тингута, находящихся в пределах Ергенинской возвышенности, по данным дистанционного зондирования Земли. При помощи программного обеспечения QGIS проведен геоинформационный анализ крутизны и экспозиции склонов исследуемой территории. Морфометрический анализ территории по данным цифровой модели рельефа SRTM показал, что 35% защитных лесных насаждений размещены на склонах крутизной более 1°, следовательно, имеют противоэрозионные свойства, еще 65% – противодефляционные на ровных склонах. Всего в районе исследований на основе экспертного дешифрирования спутниковых снимков высокого пространственного разрешения и обработки данных вегетационного индекса NDVI (нормализованный относительный индекс растительности) выделено 1011 лесных полос общей площадью 3700 га. Установлено, что почти половина всех ЗЛН имеют сохранность менее 50%. Полученные данные по сохранности и пространственному размещению существующих полезащитных лесных полос позволят разработать мероприятия по уходу, реконструкции и созданию новых лесных насаждений. Использованный подход к пространственному анализу агроландшафтов на основе геоинформационных технологий и данных дистанционного зондирования достаточно универсален и может применяться для любой территории.

Ключевые слова: дистанционное зондирование, геоинформационные системы, геоинформационное картографирование, состояние лесных насаждений, Ергенинская возвышенность, агролесоландшафты, крутизна и экспозиция склона

Scientific Agronomy Journal. 2022. 3(118). pp. 43-48

Agroforestry melioration

DOI: 10.34736/FNC.2022.118.3.006.43-48

Spatial Analysis of Protective Forest Plantations in the Northern Part of the Ergeninskaya Upland

^1,2Alina V. Melikhova, laboratory researcher, student, e-mail: melihova-a@vfanc.ru –

¹ Federal State Budget Scientific Institution «Federal Scientific Centre of Agroecology, Complex Melioration and Protective Afforestation of the Russian Academy of Sciences» (FSC of Agroecology RAS), e-mail: info@vfanc. ru, 400062, Universitetskiy Prospekt, 97, Volgograd, Russia

² Volgograd State University, e-mail: info@volsu.ru, 4000620, Universitetskiy Prospekt, 100, Volgograd, Russia

Abstract. The study is related to the problem of desertification in the southern regions of Russia with an arid type of climate, where constant monitoring of the state of protective forest strips that prevent the degradation of agricultural landscapes is relevant. The article is devoted to the spatial analysis of protective forest stands on the territory of the Donskaya Tsaritsa River, as well as the Bolshaya Tinguta River catchments, located within the Ergeninskaya upland, according to remote sensing of the Earth. With the help of QGIS software, a geoinformation analysis of the steepness and exposure of the slopes on the studied territory was carried out. Morphometric analysis of the territory according to the SRTM digital relief model showed that 35% of protective forest stands are located on slopes with a steepness of more than 1°, therefore they have anti–erosion properties, another 65% are anti-deflationary on flat slopes. In total, 1011 forest strips with a total area of 3,700 hectares were allocated in the research area based on expert interpretation of high spatial resolution satellite images and processing of data from the vegetation index NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index). It has been established that almost half of all protective forest plantations (PFP) have an integrity of less than 50%. The data obtained on the integrity and spatial placement of existing protective forest belts will allow us to develop measures for the care, reconstruction and creation of new forest plantations. The approach used to spatial analysis of agricultural landscapes based on geoinformation technologies and remote sensing data is quite universal and can be applied to any territory.

Keywords: remote sensing, geoinformation systems, geoinformation mapping, the state of forest plantations, Ergeninskaya upland, agroforestry landscapes, slope steepness and exposure

Научно-агрономический журнал. 2022. №3(118). С. 49-56

Агролесомелиорация

УДК 528.921

DOI: 10.34736/FNC.2022.118.3.007.49-56

Связь сезонной динамики озимой пшеницы и рельефа в подзоне южных черноземов Волгоградской области

Асель Нурлановна Берденгалиева ¹, м.н.с., e-mail: berdengalieva-an@vfanc.ru, ORCID: 0000-0002-5252-7133,

Руслан Нурланович Берденгалиев ^1,2, ORCID: 0000-0002-4664-1984, лаборант-исследователь, лаборатория геоинформационного моделирования и картографирования агролесоландшафтов –

¹ Федеральное государственное бюджетное научное учреждение «Федеральный научный центр агроэкологии, комплексных мелиораций и защитного лесоразведения Российской академии наук» (ФНЦ агроэкологии РАН), e-mail: info@vfanc.ru, 400062, пр. Университетский, 97, г. Волгоград

² Волгоградский государственный университет, 400062, пр. Университетский, 100, г. Волгоград, Россия

Аннотация. В статье рассматриваются результаты картографирования пахотных земель по данным дистанционного зондирования на территории Еланского района. Целью настоящей работы являлось определение закономерностей связи показателей NDVI (Normalized difference vegetation index) с морфометрическими условиями территории. Сезонная динамика NDVI широко используется для картографирования сельскохозяйственных угодий, определения культур на полях. Однако влияние рельефа на NDVI изучалось только на примере отдельных хозяйств относительно небольшой площади. В результате работы определены актуальные границы пахотных земель на территории Еланского района. Выделено более 1300 сельскохозяйственных полей, что составляет 73% от общей площади района. На основе полученной маски полей выполнен морфометрический анализ размещения сельскохозяйственных угодий. Определена преобладающая экспозиция и преобладающая крутизна склонов для каждого поля. Пахотные земли располагаются на склонах с крутизной от 1° до 3°. Около 90% пахотных земель района расположены на склонах с крутизной до 1°. На основе данных дистанционного зондирования Земли, полученных с использованием уникальной научной установки «ЦКП «ИКИ-Мониторинг», идентифицированы поля, занятые озимыми культурами с точностью 97%. По данным MODIS определена сезонная динамика вегетационного индекса NDVI озимой пшеницы. Максимальные значения вегетационного индекса озимых отмечены на склонах юго-восточной экспозиции в начале вегетации, минимальные – на склонах северо-восточной и северной экспозиции. Определение границ пашен на основе экспертного дешифрирования показало высокую точность, по сравнению с государственной статисткой ошибка составила 2%. Предложенный подход идентификации озимых культур и влияния рельефа на динамику NDVI может быть использован и на других территориях.

Ключевые слова: агроландшафт, мониторинг, пахотные земли, Normalized difference vegetation index, дистанционное зондирование

Scientific Agronomy Journal. 2022. 3(118). pp. 49-56

Agroforestry melioration

DOI: 10.34736/FNC.2022.118.3.007.49-56

The Relationship of Relief and Winter Wheat Seasonal Dynamics in the Subzone of Southern Chernozems in the Volgograd Region

Berdengalieva Asel’ Nurlanovna¹, Junior Researcher, e-mail: berdengalieva-an@vfanc.ru, ORCID: 0000-0002-5252-7133,

Berdengaliev Ruslan Nurlanovich^1,2, ORCID: 0000-0002-4664-1984, laboratory assistant-researcher of the Laboratory of Geoinformation Modeling and Mapping of Agroforestry Landscapes –

¹ Federal State Budget Scientific Institution “Federal Scientific Centre of Agroecology, Complex Melioration and Protective Afforestation of the Russian Academy of Sciences” (FSC of Agroecology RAS), Volgograd, Russia;

² Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education «Volgograd State University»

Abstract. The article discusses the results of mapping of arable lands according to remote sensing data on the territory of the Elansky district. The purpose of this work was to determine the NDVI (Normalized difference vegetation index) values relationship regularities with morphometric conditions of the territory. The seasonal dynamics of NDVI is widely used for mapping agricultural land, determining crops in the fields. However, the influence of relief on NDVI was studied only on the example of individual farms which area is relatively small. As a result of the work, the actual boundaries of arable land on the Elansky district territory were determined. More than 1300 agricultural fields have been allocated, which is 73% of the total area of the district. Based on the obtained mask of the fields, a morphometric analysis of the agricultural land placement was performed. The prevailing exposure and steepness of the slopes for each field were determined. Arable land is located on slopes with a steepness from 1° to 3°. About 90% of the arable land of the district is located on slopes with a steepness of up to 1°. On the basis of the Earth remote sensing data obtained using the unique scientific installation “ЦКП “ИКИ-Мониторинг”, fields occupied by winter crops were identified with 97% accuracy. According to MODIS data, the seasonal dynamics of the vegetation index NDVI of winter wheat has been determined. The maximum values of the vegetation index of winter crops are noted on the slopes of the south-eastern exposure at the beginning of the growing season, the minimum values are on the slopes of the north-eastern and northern exposure. The arable land boundaries determination on the basis of expert decryption showed high accuracy, compared with the state statistics, the error was 2%. The proposed approach to the identification of winter crops and the influence of relief on the NDVI dynamics can be used in other territories.

Keywords: agrolandscape, monitoring, arable land, NDVI, remote sensing

Научно-агрономический журнал. 2022. №3(118). С. 57-64

Агролесомелиорация

УДК 502.572:614.84

DOI: 10.34736/FNC.2022.118.3.008.57-64

Влияние аридности климата на ландшафтные пожары в Волгоградской области

Вадим Викторович Танюкевич^1,2, д.с.х.н., профессор, зав. кафедрой лесоводства и лесных мелиораций, ORCID 0000-0001-8052-6835,

¹ Новочеркасский инженерно-мелиоративный институт им А. К. Кортунова, ФГБОУ ВО Донской ГАУ, г. Новочеркасск; ² г.н.с., лаборатория гидрологии агролесоландшафтов

Евгений Константинович Верещагин², м.н.с., аспирант, e-mail: vereshagin-e@vfanc.ru, ORCID 0000-0002-1645-3499, лаборатория защитного лесоразведения и фитомелиорации низкопродуктивных земель ² ФНЦ агроэкологии РАН, г. Волгоград

Валерий Вадимович Танюкевич³, лаборант кафедры сельскохозяйственных мелиораций, лесоводства и землеустройства, ³ ФГБОУ ВО РГАУ-МСХА имени К. А. Тимирязева, г. Москва

Аннотация. Статья касается проблемы профилактики пожаров, являющихся причиной опустынивания земель в южных регионах. Целью исследований, проводившихся в 2019 – 2021 гг., являлось изучение влияния аридности климата на количество и площади ландшафтных пожаров в агролесомелиоративных комплексах Волгоградской области. В работе приведены данные по площадям сельхоз назначения в разрезе лесомелиоративных районов. С учетом лесомелиоративного районирования региона исследований за указанные годы проанализированы причины возникновения пожаров, к основным из которых относится антропогенный фактор. Определена продолжительность пожароопасного сезона, в течение которого наблюдается высокая пожарная опасность. В условиях лесоаграрных ландшафтов Волгоградской области наиболее распространены беглые низовые пожары, охватывающие лесные полосы и сельхозугодья (пастбища, сенокосы). Проанализированы количество и площади таких пожаров в регионе исследований. Получена корреляционная зависимость площадей ландшафтных пожаров от аридности климата в Волгоградской области. Введен в оборот новый научный термин – «горимость лесоаграрных ландшафтов», который представляет собой отношение выгоревших площадей в агролесоландшафте лесомелиоративного района к общей площади агролесоландшафтов в данном лесомелиоративном районе. Обосновывается применение нового показателя горимости лесоаграрных ландшафтов в качестве одного из индикаторов опустынивания аридных регионов.

Ключевые слова: низовые беглые пожары, возгорания травяной растительности, площади гарей, снижение биопродуктивности экосистем, индексы аридности Мартонни, пирогенное опустынивание

Scientific Agronomy Journal. 2022. 3(118). pp. 57-64

Agroforestry melioration

DOI: 10.34736/FNC.2022.118.3.008.57-64

The Climate Aridity Influence on Landscape Fires in the Volgograd Region

Vadim V. Tanyukevich^1,2, D.S-Kh.N., Professor, Head of the Department of Forestry and Forest Reclamation, ORCID 0000-0001-8052-6835, ¹ Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education “Don State Agrarian University”, Novocherkassk; ² Head Researcher, Laboratory of Hydrology of Agroforestry landscapes

Evgenij K. Vereshchagin², Junior Researcher, post-graduated, e-mail: vereshagin-e@vfanc.ru, ORCID 0000-0002-1645-3499, Protective Afforestation and Phytomelioration of low-yielding lands – ²Federal State Budget Scientific Institution «Federal Scientific Centre of Agroecology, Complex Melioration and Protective Afforestation of the Russian Academy of Sciences» (FSC of Agroecology RAS), e-mail: info@vfanc.ru, 400062, Universitetskiy Prospekt, 97, Volgograd, Russia

Valerij V. Tanyukevich³, laboratory assistant of the Department of Agricultural Land Amelioration, Forestry and Land Management, ³ RSAU-MTAA named after K.A. Timiryazev, Moscow, Russia

Abstract. The article deals with the problem of prevention of fires that are the cause of land desertification in the southern regions. The purpose of the carried in 2019-2021 research was to study the climate aridity influence on the number and area of landscape fires in agroforestry complexes of the Volgograd region. The paper presents data on agricultural areas in the context of forest reclamation regions. Taking into account the forest-reclamation zoning of the research region for these years, the causes of fires are analyzed, the main of which is the anthropogenic factor. The duration of the fire season has been determined, during which there is a high fire danger. In the conditions of the forest-agrarian landscapes of the Volgograd region, rapid grass-roots fires are most common, covering forest belts and farmland (pastures, hayfields). The number and areas of such fires in the research region are analyzed. The correlation dependence of the landscape fires areas on the climate aridity in the Volgograd region is obtained. A new scientific term has been put into circulation – «burnability of forest-agrarian landscapes», which is the ratio of burnt areas in the agroforest landscape of a forest-reclamation zone to the total area of agroforest landscapes in this forest-reclamation zone. The application of a new indicator of the forest-agrarian landscapes burnability as one of the arid regions desertification indicators is substantiated.

Keywords: grassroots rapid fires, grass vegetation combustion, burnt areas, reduction of ecosystem bioproductivity, Martonni aridity indices, pyrogenic desertification

Научно-агрономический журнал. 2022. №3(118). С. 65-69

Лесовосстановление

УДК 632.95:630*164.4:630*174.754

DOI: 10.34736/FNC.2022.118.3.009.65-69

Влияние пестицидов на морфологию сеянцев сосны в лесных питомниках: прошлое и настоящее

Светлана Карленовна Стеценко, к.б.н, с.н.с., e-mail: stets_s@mail.ru, ORCID 0000-0002-4885-3817 Геннадий Григорьевич Терехов, д.с.-х.н., в.н.с., ORCID 0000-0002-2312-9224

Елена Михайловна Андреева, к.б.н., с.н.с., ORCID 0000-0003-2651-2541 лаборатория лесовосстановления, защиты леса и лесопользования – ФГБУН Ботанический сад УрО РАН, e-mail: common@botgard.uran.ru. 620144, ул. 8 Марта, 202а, г. Екатеринбург, Россия

Аннотация. Включение химического метода уходов за посевами сосны обыкновенной в лесных питомниках Свердловской области произошло с начала 70-х годов прошлого столетия и продолжается до настоящего времени. Одним из последствий этого стал тератогенез 2-летних сеянцев сосны, выразившийся в снижении ростовых параметров и отклонениях морфологического строения стволика от нормального фенотипа. Впервые проведен мониторинг морфологического состояния сосны в лесных питомниках спустя более чем 20-летний период, прошедший с начала изучения воздействия пестицидов на сосну на начальном этапе ее онтогенеза. Целью работы был анализ того, как изменялся список применяемых пестицидов для защиты и ухода за посевами в лесных питомниках и оценка возможного влияния этих изменений на соотношение фенотипов сеянцев в посадочном материале сосны. Изучение проблемы основывалось на ведомственных материалах, предоставленных Департаментом лесного хозяйства, а также многолетнем мониторинге состояния сеянцев сосны в лесных питомниках Свердловской области. Данные по распределению 2-летних сеянцев сосны на морфологические группы, полученные в 90-е годы, показали, что количество нормальных сеянцев в разные годы колебалось от 0 до 37 %. Мониторинг посевов сосны, проведенный почти через 30-летний срок выявил, что количество нормальных сеянцев выше – от 28 до 83 %. Вероятной причиной снижения числа тератоморфных сеянцев является появление новых препаратов, заменивших предыдущие соединения, и имеющие свои особенности воздействия на культурные растения. В практическом плане, результаты мониторинга изменения количества сеянцев сосны нормального фенотипа в условиях пестицидного загрязнения почвы агроценоза в зависимости от климатических условий вегетационного сезона, можно использовать при прогнозировании качества получаемого посадочного материала сосны обыкновенной.

Ключевые слова: сосна обыкновенная, сеянцы, лесные питомники, пестициды

Scientific Agronomy Journal. 2022. 3(118). pp. 65-69

Reforestation

DOI: 10.34736/FNC.2022.118.3.009.65-69

The Influence of Pesticides on the Pine Seedlings Morphology in Forest Nurseries: Past and Present

Svetlana K. Stetsenko, K.B.N., Senior Reseacher, e-mail: stets_s@mail.ru, ORCID0000-0002-4885-3817, Gennadii G. Terekhov, D.S-Kh.N., Leading Researcher, ORCID 0000-0002-2312-9224,

Elena M. Andreeva, K.B.N., Senior Reseacher, ORCID 0000-0003-2651-2541, Laboratory of Reforestation, Forest Protection and Forest Management Botanical Garden Ural Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, e-mail: common@botgard.uran.ru, 620144, 8 Marta str., 202a, Ekaterinburg, Russia

Abstract. The inclusion of the chemical method of caring for the scots pine crops in the forest nurseries of the Sverdlovsk region has occurred since the early 70s of the last century and continues to the present. One of the consequences was the teratogenesis of 2-year-old pine seedlings, which resulted in a decrease in growth parameters and deviations of the stem morphological structure from the normal phenotype. For the first time, the morphological state of pine in forest nurseries was monitored after more than 20 years, which has passed since the beginning of the effects of pesticides on pine study at the initial stage of its ontogenesis. The aim of the work was to analyze how the list of pesticides used to protect and care for crops in forest nurseries changed and to assess the possible impact of these changes on the seedlings phenotypes ratio in pine planting material. The study of the problem was based on departmental materials provided by the Forestry Department, as well as long-term monitoring of the pine seedlings condition in forest nurseries of the Sverdlovsk region. Data on the division of 2-yearold pine seedlings into morphological groups obtained in the 90s showed that the number of normal seedlings in different years ranged from 0 to 37%. Monitoring of pine crops carried out after almost 30 years revealed that the number of normal seedlings is higher – from 28 to 83%. The probable reason for the decrease in the number of teratomorphic seedlings is the appearance of new drugs that have replaced the previous compounds and have their own characteristics of impact on cultivated plants. In practical terms, the results of changes in the number of pine seedlings of normal phenotype monitoring in pesticide contamination of the soil in the agrocenosis conditions, depending on the climatic conditions of the growing season, can be used to predict the resulting planting material of the common pine quality.

Keywords: Scots pine, seedlings, forest nurseries, pesticides

Научно-агрономический журнал. 2022. №3(118). С. 70-74

Биотехнология растений

УДК 630*181.351

DOI: 10.34736/FNC.2022.118.3.010.70-74

Особенности содержания фотосинтетических пигментов в хвое сосны обыкновенной в разных экологических условиях

Алина Петровна Дегтярева, e-mail: ali.serdyukova@yandex.ru, м.н.с. лаборатории экологической генетики, ORCID 0000-0001-9583-2368 – Федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение «Всероссийский научно-исследовательский институт лесной генетики, селекции и биотехнологии», e-mail: ilgis@lesgen.vrn.ru, ул. Ломоносова, д.105, г. Воронеж, Россия

Аннотация. С каждым годом в России увеличиваются темпы хозяйственной деятельности человека. Данный факт приводит к ухудшению природной среды и, как следствие, к снижению продуктивности лесных биоценозов. Сосна обыкновенная является одной из главных лесообразующих пород, имеет широкое распространение и является биоиндикационным видом: способна реагировать на изменение условий мест произрастания. В статье проанализировано два насаждения сосны обыкновенной, произрастающих на разных экологических территориях: в относительно чистой природной среде и в условиях антропогенного воздействия. Нами проведены измерения содержания фотосинтетических пигментов в хвое исследуемых деревьев с целью выявления реакции сосны на загрязнение окружающей среды. Установлено, что в хвое сосны обыкновенной из неблагоприятной экологической территории количество хлорофилла b выше на 31%, а сумма хлорофиллов a+b выше на 15%, чем в насаждении из экологически чистой местности. Данный факт может носить адаптивный характер к воздействию неблагоприятных условий окружающей среды. Также выявлено уменьшение соотношения хлорофиллов a/b на 16% в условиях антропогенной нагрузки, что указывает на снижение активности фотосинтетического аппарата сосны. Таким образом, в загрязнённых условиях среды отмечен рост содержания хлорофилла b и суммы хлорофиллов a+b, а также снижение соотношения хлорофиллов a/b.

Ключевые слова: контрастные экологические условия, антропогенная нагрузка, сосна обыкновенная, фотосинтетические пигменты, хлорофилл а, хлорофилл b

Scientific Agronomy Journal. 2022. 3(118). pp. 70-74

Plant biotechnology

DOI: 10.34736/FNC.2022.118.3.010.70-74

Features of Photosynthetic Pigments Content in the Pine Needles of the Scots Pine in Different Environmental Conditions

Alina P. Degtyareva, Junior Researcher, e-mail: ali.serdyukova@yandex.ru, ORCID 0000-0001-9583-2368 – Laboratory of Ecological Genetics Federal State Budgetary Institution “All-Russian Research Institute of Forest Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology”, 105 Lovonosov str, Voronezh, Russia

Abstract. Every year in Russia, the rate of human economic activity is increasing. This fact leads to a deterioration of the natural environment and, as a consequence, to a decrease in the productivity of Биотехнология растений / Plant biotechnology Научно-агрономический журнал 3 (118) 2022 73 forest biocenoses. The scots pine is one of the main forest-forming species, has a wide distribution and is a bioindicative species: it is able to respond to changes in the conditions of growing places. The article analyzes two stands of scots pine growing in different ecological territories: in a relatively clean natural environment and in conditions of anthropogenic impact. We have measured the content of photosynthetic pigments in the needles of the studied trees in order to identify the reaction of pine to environmental pollution. It was found that the amount of chlorophyll b in the pine’s needles from an unfavorable ecological area is 31% higher, and the amount of chlorophylls a+b is 15% higher than in the planting from an ecologically clean area. This fact may be adaptive to the effects of adverse environmental conditions. A decrease in the ratio of chlorophylls a/b by 16% under anthropogenic load was also revealed, which indicates a decrease in the activity of the pine’s photosynthetic apparatus. Thus, in polluted environmental conditions, an increase in the chlorophyll b content and the amount of chlorophylls a+b was noted, as well as a decrease in the ratio of chlorophylls a/b.

Keywords: contrasting environmental conditions, anthropogenic load, scots pine, photosynthetic pigments, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b

Научно-агрономический журнал. 2022. №3(118). С. 75-80

Биотехнология растений

УДК: 630*160.2

DOI: 10.34736/FNC.2022.118.3.011.75-80

Феноритмика представителей родового комплекса Gleditsia в условиях интродукции

Кристина Андреевна Мельник, м.н.с. лаборатории биоэкологии древесных растений, e-mail: melnik-k@vfanc.ru, ORCID 0000-0002-7103-6436;

Алия Шамильевна Хужахметова, в.н.с. лаборатории биоэкологии древесных растений, ORCID 0000-0001-5127-8844 – Федеральное государственное бюджетное научное учреждение «Федеральный научный центр агроэкологии, комплексных мелиораций и защитного лесоразведения Российской академии наук» (ФНЦ агроэкологии РАН), info@vfanc.ru, 400062, Университетский проспект, 97, Волгоград, России

Аннотация. Изучение особенностей прохождения феноритмики интродуцентов позволяет судить об адаптации древесных растений к новым условиям и необходимо для решения практических задач при обогащении дендрофлоры лесомелиоративных комплексов. Исследование проводили с целью выявления особенностей феноритмики интродуцированных представителей рода Gleditsia в условия Волгоградской области. Метод фенонаблюдений применен при мониторинге за растениями Gleditsia texana, G. сaspica, G. triacanthos, G. sinensis, G. aquatica, G. japonicа, коллекции которых расположены на участках ФНЦ агроэкологии РАН (кадастр. № 34:34:000000:122, 34:34:060061:10). По многолетним данным (1980-2020 гг.) установлено, что изменение сроков прохождения различных фенологических фаз таксонов рода Gleditsia происходит под влиянием напряженности факторов внешней среды. По срокам прохождения фенофазы распускания почек G. triacanthos и G. sinensis были построены линии тренда. У растений G. triacanthos за последние 40 лет сдвиг сроков происходит незначительно (с достоверностью аппроксимации 0,875). Выявлена оптимальная температура для начала активного прохождения различных фенологических фаз. У наблюдаемых видов рода Gleditsia выявлены незначительные различия в сроках начала и окончания цветения в разные годы. Виды североамериканского происхождения (G. texana, G. triacanthos) проходят полный цикл развития, что говорит об успешности их интродукции и адаптации.

Ключевые слова: древесные растения, Gleditsia, фенологические наблюдения, линия тренда фенодат, обогащение, лесомелиоративные комплексы

Scientific Agronomy Journal. 2022. 3(118). pp. 75-80

Plant biotechnology

DOI: 10.34736/FNC.2022.118.3.011.75-80

Phenorhythmics of the Gleditsia generic complex representatives in the conditions of introduction

Kristina A. Mel’nik, Junior Researcher of Laboratory of woody plants bioecology, e-mail: melnik-k@vfanc.ru, ORCID 0000-0002-7103-6436;

Aliya Sh. Khuzhakhmetova, Leader Researcher of Laboratory of woody plants bioecology, ORCID 0000-0001-5127-8844 – Federal State Budget Scientific Institution “Federal Scientific Centre of Agroecology, Complex Melioration and Protective Afforestation of the Russian Academy of Sciences” (FSC of agroecology RAS), info@vfanc.ru, 400062, Universitetskij pr-t, 97, Volgograd, Russia

Abstract. The study of the introduced plants phenorhythmics peculiarities allows us to judge the adaptation of woody plants to new conditions and is necessary to solve practical problems when enriching the dendroflora of forest ameliorative complexes. The study was carried out in order to identify the features of the introduced representatives of the genus Gleditsia phenorhythmics in the conditions of the Volgograd region. The method of pheno-observations was used for monitoring plants of Gleditsia texana, G. cassis, G. triacanthos, G. sinensis, G. aquatica, G. jaropis, whose collections are located at the sites of the FSC of agroecology RAS (Cadaster № 34:34:000000:122, 34:34:060061:10). According to long-term data (1980- 2020), it was found that the change in the timing of the passage of various phenological phases of the Gleditsia genus taxa occurs under the influence of environmental factors. According to the timing of the phenophase of budding of G. triacanthos and G. sinensis, trend lines were constructed. In G. triacanthos plants over the past 40 years, the timing shift has been negligible (with an approximation confidence of 0.875). The optimal temperature for the active passage of various phenological phases beginning has been revealed. The observed species of the genus Gleditsia revealed slight differences in the timing of the beginning and ending of flowering in different years. Species of North American origin (G. texana, G. triacanthos) undergo a full cycle of development, which indicates the success of their introduction and adaptation.

Keywords: woody plants, Gleditsia, phenological observations, phenodate trend line, enrichment, forest ameliorative complexes

Научно-агрономический журнал. 2022. №3(118). С. 81-85

Экология

УДК 55

DOI: 10.34736/FNC.2022.118.3.012.81-85

Геоинформационный анализ основных источников климатической информации на территорию Волгоградской области

Матвеев Штефан, лаборант-исследователь¹, студент², ORCID: 0000-0001-8873-2799;

¹ Федеральное государственное бюджетное научное учреждение «Федеральный научный центр агроэкологии, комплексных мелиораций и защитного лесоразведения Российской академии наук» (ФНЦ агроэкологии РАН), e-mail: info@vfanc.ru, 400062, Университетский проспект, 97, Волгоград, Россия

² Федеральное государственное автономное образовательное учреждения высшего образования «Волгоградский государственный университет», e-mail: ob.otdel@volsu.ru, 400062, Университетский проспект, 100, Волгоград, Россия

Аннотация. Исследование проводилось с целью выявления источника информации, который бы максимально точно передавал климатическую информацию на исследуемую территорию. В статье проведен сравнительный анализ источников климатических данных применительно к территории Волгоградской области за 2020 год. В сравнении представлено суммарное годовое количество осадков, предоставленное тремя продуктами: Автоматизированная информационная система обработки режимной информации (АИСОРИ), сайт «Погода и Климат» и глобальный архив климатической информации Climatic Research Unit Timeseries 4.06 (CRU TS 4.06). Описаны климатические показатели, поставляемые данными продуктами. В геоинформационной системе QGIS версии 3.26 составлены 2 климатические карты суммарных годовых осадков по продуктам АИСОРИ и «Погода и Климат», с помощью инструмента «интерполяция» методом Обратновзвешенных расстояний (ОВР). Рассчитано среднее значение суммарных годовых осадков на интерполированных поверхностях обоих продуктов на тестовых полигонах в северной, южной, западной, восточной и центральной части Волгоградской области. Интерполированные значения были сравнены с глобальными данными CRU TS в пределах пяти тестовых полигонов. По результатам сравнения выявлено, что глобальные климатические данные имеют меньшую точность, по сравнению с точечными данными по метеостанциям. Полученные результаты исследования могут быть использованы для последующего составления климатических карт, а также сравнения источников климатической информации.

Ключевые слова: климат, годовое количество осадков, интерполяция, метеостанции, CRU TS, Волгоградская область, ГИС

Scientific Agronomy Journal. 2022. 3(118). pp. 81-85

Ecology

DOI: 10.34736/FNC.2022.118.3.012.81-85

Geoinformation Analysis of the Main Sources of Climate Information on the Territory of the Volgograd Region

Shtefan Matveev, laboratory assistant-researcher¹, student², ORCID: 0000-0001-8873-2799;

¹ Federal State Budget Scientific Institution “Federal Scientific Centre of Agroecology, Complex Melioration and Protective Afforestation of the Russian Academy of Sciences” (FSC of agroecology RAS), e-mail: info@vfanc.ru, 400062, Universitetsky prospect, 97, Volgograd, Russia

² Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education «Volgograd State University», e-mail: ob.otdel@volsu.ru, 400062, Universitetsky prospect, 100, Volgograd, Russia

Abstract. The study was carried out in order to identify a source of information that would transmit climate information to the study area as accurately as possible. The article presents a comparative analysis of climate data sources in relation to the territory of the Volgograd region for 2020. The comparison shows the total annual precipitation provided by three products: The Automated Information System for Processing Regime Information (AISORI), the Weather and Climate website and the global archive of climate information Climatic Research Unit Timeseries 4.06 (CRU TS 4.06). The climatic indicators supplied by these products are described. In the geoinformation system QGIS version 3.26, 2 climate maps of total annual precipitation by AISORI products and “Weather and Climate” have been compiled using the interpolation tool by the method of Inverse Distance Weighting (IDW). The average value of the total annual precipitation on the interpolated surfaces of both products at test sites in the northern, southern, western, eastern and central parts of the Volgograd region is calculated. The interpolated values were compared with global CRU TS data within five test polygons. According to the results of the comparison, it was revealed that global climate data have lower accuracy compared to point data on weather stations. The obtained research results can be used for the subsequent compilation of climate maps, as well as comparison of climate information sources.

Keywords: climate, annual precipitation, interpolation, weather stations, CRU TS, Volgograd region, GIS

Научно-агрономический журнал. 2022. №3(118). С. 86-93

Экология

УДК 631.41

DOI: 10.34736/FNC.2022.118.3.013.86-93

Особенности почв городских рекреационных территорий сухостепной природной зоны (на примере парка «Дружба»)

Олег Андреевич Гордиенко, e-mail: oleg.gordienko.95@bk.ru, м.н.с.¹, ORCID: 0000-0001-5381-9114;

Роман Николаевич Балкушкин, м.н.с.¹, ORCID: 0000-0003-0987-6263 –

¹ Федеральное государственное бюджетное научное учреждение «Федеральный научный центр агроэкологии, комплексных мелиораций и защитного лесоразведения Российской академии наук» (ФНЦ агроэкологии РАН), e-mail: info@vfanc.ru, 400062, Университетский проспект, 97, Волгоград, Россия

Аннотация. В городах сухостепной и полупустынных зон почвы рекреационных территорий выполняют основную функцию по поддержанию экологического состояния, поскольку именно в этих зонах сосредоточена большая часть насаждений общего пользования. В связи с высокой значимостью этих территорий актуальным и важным остается мониторинг состояния почвенного покрова этих зон. Целью статьи является определение классификационного положения почв рекреационных территорий г. Волгограда, а также оценка их физических и химических свойств в зависимости от уровня антропогенной нагрузки. Ключевым участком выбран парк «Дружба» Кировского района, являющийся одним из самых крупных парков на территории города. Методы основываются на отечественных и зарубежных руководствах по химическим и физическим анализам, а также используются различные почвенные классификации. В результате проведенных комплексных исследований определена структура почвенного покрова, а также пестрота физических, химических и морфологических свойств почв. Установлено, что мощность урбистратифицирующей толщи (UR) изменяется в широком диапазоне от 10 до 60 см, мощность рекультивационных отложений (RAT) варьирует от 5 до 25 см. Для урбиковых горизонтов выявлен широкий диапазон значений плотности почвы (1,1-1,5 г/см³), при средней – 1,4 г/см³. Содержание почвенного углерода в естественных горизонтах AU и AJ составляет в среднем 3,4%, в урбиковых горизонтах – 2,2%, в рекультивационных – 1,5%. Реакция среды слабощелочная (pHводный 8,2). В урбиковых и реплантанированных горизонтах общее солесодержание составляет в среднем 0,1%. Присутствие в почвах карбонатов незначительное и в среднем составляет 2,3% в горизонте UR и 1,7% в RAT. Полученные результаты химического и физического состояния изученных почв важны с точки зрения мониторинга их состояния, а также улучшения подбора древесно-кустарниковой растительности.

Ключевые слова: рекреационные территории, классификация почв, урбостратоземы, свойства почв, структура почвенного покрова

Scientific Agronomy Journal. 2022. 3(118). pp. 86-93

Ecology

DOI: 10.34736/FNC.2022.118.3.013.86-93

Soil Features of Urban Recreational Areas in the Dry-Steppe Natural Zone (on the Example of the «Druzhba» Park)

Oleg A. Gordienko, Junior Researcher1, e-mail: oleg.gordienko.95@bk.ru, ORCID: 0000-0001-5381-9114, Roman N. Balkushkin, Junior Researcher¹, ORCID: 0000-0003-0987-6263 1 Federal Scientific Centre of Agroecology, Complex Melioration and Protective Afforestation of the Russian Academy of Sciences (FSC of Agroecology RAS), e-mail: nfo@vfanc.ru, 400062, Universitetsciy Avenue, 97, Volgograd, Russia

Abstract. In the cities located in the dry-steppe and semi-desert zones, the soils of recreational areas perform the main function of maintaining the ecological state, since most of the public plantings are concentrated in these zones. Due to the high importance of these territories, soil cover of these zones state monitoring remains relevant and important. The purpose of the article is to determine the classification position of the soils of the of Volgograd recreational territories, as well as to assess their physical and chemical properties depending on the anthropogenic load level. The Druzhba Park in the Kirovskij district, which is one of the largest parks in the city, was chosen as the key site. The methods are based on national and foreign manuals on chemical and physical analyses, and various soil classifications were also used. As a result of the comprehensive studies carried out, the structure of the soil cover, as well as the diversity of physical, chemical and morphological properties of soils were determined. It was found that the thickness of the urbistratifying layer (UR) varies in a wide range from 10 to 60 cm, the power of recultivation deposits (RAT) varies from 5 to 25 cm. A wide range of soil density values (1.1- 1.5 g/cm3) was revealed for the urban horizons, with an average of 1.4 g/cm³. The content of soil carbon in natural AU and AJ horizons averages 3.4%, in urbic horizons – 2.2%, in reclamation horizons – 1.5%. The reaction of the environment is slightly alkaline (pH water 8.2). In urban and replanted horizons, the total salinity is on average 0.1%. The presence of carbonates in soils is insignificant and averages 2.3% in the UR horizon and 1.7% in the RAT. The obtained results of the studied soils chemical and physical condition are important from the point of view of monitoring their condition, as well as improving the tree and shrub vegetation choise.

Keywords: recreational territories, soil classification, urbostratozems, soil properties, soil cover structure

Scientific Agronomy Journal. 2019. 1(104). pp. 4-7

Contemporary Research

S.Ya. Semenenko^1,2, D.S-Kh.N., V.G. Abezin^1,2,3, D.T.N., O.M. Ageenko^1,2, S.S. Marchenko¹, K.T.N.

¹ FSC of Agroecology RAS

² Volgograd State Agrarian University

³ Astrakhan state University

Abstract. Currently, more than 70% of the agricultural land of our country are in conditions of insufficient moisture. Obtaining high and stable yields is possible only with irrigation using other types of melioration. There are various methods of irrigation, which correspond to the necessary technologies and technical means. The most common method of irrigation in most of the country’s humanitarian zones is sprinkling, which provides the possibility of complex mechanization, reduces the labor intensity of irrigation, improves the use of land and water resources. At the present stage, the transition to landscape-adaptive agriculture in the complex melioration, which meets the requirements of sprinkler irrigation. At the same time, the energy characteristics of modern rain machines and their application do not create ecological balance and maintain the corresponding level of soil fertility. It should be noted such negative phenomena as the formation of liquid and solid runoff, reformation of micro relief and uneven watering. There is a need to create a sprinkler system with optimal parameters of rain and equipping them with modern agricultural production. First of all, it is necessary to develop structures of sprinkler systems that reduce the energy impact on the soil and ensure the necessary uniformity of irrigation water distribution over the surface of the irrigated area. One of the most serious disadvantages of mobile sprinklers is that the sprinklers produce watering of the soil on which the move supporting the wheel, which leads to the formation of the rut and reduce the possibility of other agricultural machines. Thus, improving the quality of sprinkling when using mobile sprinkler machines requires improving the design of sprinkler systems, as well as changing the layout of the sprinkler, which prevents moistening of the soil in the direction of movement in front of the machine. At the same time, changes made to the design of sprinkler machines should not reduce their productivity.

Keywords: guns, nozzles, cover, cylindrical surface, constrictors, spiral guides, parabolic, legkoobratimy shaper, elastic

Scientific Agronomy Journal. 2019. 1(104). pp. 8-10

Contemporary Research

V.S. Grishin, K.S-Kh.N., junior researcher, S.A. Surkova, junior researcher, A.A. Danilecko, research associate – «Volga region research Institute of production and processing of meat and dairy products», Volgograd, E-mail: niimmp@mail.ru

Abstract. The article presents a comparative analysis of the effectiveness of the use of «Tyksel» and «Sat-Som» preparations in order to improve the quality of the skins from animals of the Kalmyk breed. The main reasons for the poor quality of large leather raw materials are inadequate care for young cattle on grazing, non-compliance with the technology of growing and fattening, transportation, slaughter of animals, canning and storage of hides. It was revealed that the mass of paired skins ranged from 30.5 to 33.7 kg, and the bulls’ skins of the experimental groups were heavier than the skins of the control young by 0.5 (1.63%; P> 0.99) and 3.2 kg (10 , 49%; P> 0.999), respectively. The data of the release of the skins of the studied animals were higher than that of the control group, by 0.25 and 0.37%. The use of complex preparations «Tyksel» and «Sat-Som» contributed to the fact that the skins of the calves of the experimental groups had a greater thickness than the control bulls, on the elbow by 2.5 and 7.5%, on the last rib – by 2.3 and 9, 3%, on the ridge – by 3.7 and 7.5%. The results of the evaluation of the skins showed the feasibility of using complex growth-promoting preparations «Tyksel» and «Sat-Som» for the positive correlation of the skin of the experimental bulls.

Keywords: raw leather, skin, кalmyk breed, leather industry, skin

Scientific Agronomy Journal. 2019. 1(104). pp. 10-14

Contemporary Research

A.V. Zelenev, D.S-Kh.N., Professor of the Volgograd state agrarian University, Volgograd, Russia;

E.V. Seminchenko, research – Lower-Volga NIISKh, Affiliate of FSC of Agroecology RAS, Volgograd region, Russia

Abstract. Biologization of agriculture allows to increase the content of basic nutrients in the soil and increase the yield of grain crops in field crop rotations. The following crop rotations were studied: 1) a four-field grain paring plant: black steam – winter wheat – sorghum for grain – oats (control); 2) four-field grain parrying plant: sidereal steam (winter rye for siderat) – winter wheat – sorghum for grain – oats; 3) grain parrot six-field: siderill steam (spring flax on siderat) – winter wheat – sorghum for grain – chickpeas – safflower – oats; 4) eight-field cereal grains: peas – winter wheat – chickpeas – safflower – peas – sorghum for grain – chickpeas – oats. The soil is light chestnut. The average annual precipitation is 339.7 mm. In the control crop rotation, straw and leaf mass of cultivated crops were removed from the field, in other crop rotations all non-commercial part of grain crops remained on the field. The highest content of nitrate nitrogen and mobile phosphorus in the pas-hot layer of the soil to the sowing of winter wheat is provided when cultivated in a four-field crop rotation on the green manure pair with winter rye, respectively, 6.61 and 39.8 mg/kg of absolutely dry soil. The highest content of exchangeable potassium from all the studied crops is provided when sowing oats in a four-field sorghum rotation, where the leaf-stem mass is embedded in the soil – 404.6 mg/kg of soil. The highest average yield of winter wheat was provided during cultivation in four-field crop rotations on black and green with winter rye in pairs, respectively, 2.69 and 2.68 t/ha. The most significant increase in the yield of sorghum grain compared with the control option was observed during cultivation in the four – field crop rotation for winter wheat – 0.28 t/ha. The highest yield of oats was formed during cultivation in the four-field crop rotation for sorghum, leaf mass of which is plowed into the soil – 2.1 t/ ha. The area of application of the recommendations is the dry steppe zone of chestnut subzone of light chestnut soils of the Lower Volga region.

Keywords: batteries, predecessor, receiving the biological, crops, yield, the Lower Volga region.

Scientific Agronomy Journal. 2019. 1(104). pp. 14-16

Contemporary Research

^1,2 S.S. Shinkarenko, K.S-Kh.N., ^2,3 A.N. Berdengalieva

¹ FSC of Agroecology RAS, Volgograd, Russia

² Volgograd State University, Volgograd, Russia

³ Russian Information-Analytic and Research Water Economy Centre, Volgograd, Russia

Abstract. In the past two decades, landscape fires have become a significant factor in the dynamics of the state of vegetation. Arid floodplain fires are poorly understood inspite of sufficient attention is paid to forest and steppe fires. The article discusses the results of geoinformation analysis of the fire regime of the northern part of the Volga-Akhtuba floodplain according to the detection of active fire data (thermal point) with MODIS radiometer. The spatial and long-term distribution of thermal points for 2001-2017 has been determined. The periods with the highest (2003, 2006) and the smallest (2001, 2016) number of fires were identified. Hydrothermal conditions influence on the intensity of fires: in high-water years the number of fires is minimal, but in subsequent dry years there are more than 300-400 thermal points. Also burnt areas were mapped using Sentinel-2 color composites. Burnt areas in the floodplain have implicit deciphering signs, so their objective determination is difficult. Work is needed on field calibration of burnt areas and the development of methods for their automatic identification based on remote sensing materials.

Keywords: agrolandscape, landscape fires, monitoring, Volgograd region, GIS, remote sensing, Volga-Akhtuba floodplain

Scientific Agronomy Journal. 2019. 1(104). pp. 17-20

Contemporary Research

^1,2 S.S. Shinkarenko, K.S-Kh.N., ² E.A. Malyshko

¹ FSC of Agroecology RAS, Volgograd, Russia

² Volgograd State University, Volgograd, Russia

Abstract. Satellite monitoring technologies for agricultural land are widely used. The article discusses the technology of satellite monitoring of sown areas based on the calculation of the NDVI area statistics for the contours of individual fields. At the first stage, a layer mask with the borders of the fields of the Oktyabrsky district of the Volgograd region was developed according to interpretation of Sentinel-2 satellite images with a resolution of 10 m in the QGIS program. The average values of the 16-day MODIS NDVI raster for each field on six dates of the vegetation period were calculated with the methods of zonal statistics. The developed geo-information system of the state of sown areas allows to carry out statistical processing of seasonal and long-term data of the vegetation index for each field. This data set is used to separate areas by crop, assess their condition and the influence of various factors on it.

Keywords: agrolandscape, precision agriculture, monitoring, Volgograd region, GIS, remote sensing

Scientific Agronomy Journal. 2019. 1(104). pp. 20-23

Technology Questions in the Agro-Industrial Complex

E.A. Shevyakhova, K.S-Kh.N. – Lower-Volga NIISKh, Affiliate of FSC of Agroecology, RAN, Volgograd

Abstract. Various methods of basic tillage in a three-field crop rotation were studied: black fallow, winter wheat, and spring wheat on the experimental field of the Nizhne-Volzhsky scientific-research institute of agriculture in 2016-2018 in order to identify the most effective resource-saving method of primary tillage on light chestnut soils of the Volgograd region. The best moisture content of the soil at the time of sowing of winter wheat was noted by the chisel treatment with the OCHO-5-40 tool (on average 13.3 mm in the arable layer and 136.8 mm in the meter layer). By cleaning the background with chisel processing retained the advantage in the preservation and rational use of productive moisture. The same option provided the maximum amount of nitrate nitrogen both at the beginning and at the end of the growing season of winter wheat. Indicators of mobile phosphorus and exchangeable potassium were also higher in the variant with deep chisel. The advantage of the variant with the turnover of the soil layer in reducing the amount of weed agrocenosis in winter wheat crops was revealed. The analysis of the structural elements of the harvest of winter wheat was carried out: the number of productive stems, the mass of grain per spike, the mass of thousands of seeds and the yield. In general, the best performance in the structure and yield of winter wheat with different variants of the main tillage provides the background with a deep chisel treatment with an OCHO-5-40 instrument. The highest yield was also noted on the version with chisel loosening – 4.0 t / ha. In the conditions of the dry steppe zone of the Lower Volga region, the best way to tillage is deep processing with agricultural tools OCHO-5-40 to a depth of 0.32-0.35 m.

Keywords: black steam, tillage, productive moisture, food regime, winter wheat, yield

Scientific Agronomy Journal. 2019. 1(104). pp. 24-27

Technology Questions in the Agro-Industrial Complex

N.N. Borodina, senior researcher, E.A. Shevyakhova, K.S-Kh.N., L.P. Andrievskaya, senior researcher, V.I. Pavlenko, junior researcher of the laboratory of agrotechnology and mechanization – Lower-Volga NIISKh, Affiliate of FSC of Agroecology, RAN, Volgograd

Abstract. The research was conducted at the experimental field of agricultural research Institute in the years 2012-2018 in the 3-field crop rotation with the following crop rotation: black fallow – winter wheat – spring wheat; black fallow – winter wheat – safflower. The study put options for basic tillage working body OCHO-5-40 in comparison with the treatment of PN-4-35 (control) and the option without the main treatment according to the scheme of experience. Economic evaluation revealed the advantage of deep tillage in chizelevanie OCHO-5-40. The economic efficiency of crop cultivation was estimated by the yield and the cost of obtaining it according to the technological maps. Over the years of research, it was found that the chisel processing, even at a great depth (0.32-0.35 m), can significantly reduce labor and material and monetary costs compared to the dump treatment (0.25-0.27 m) by reducing the specific fuel consumption (up to 60%) and reducing the cost per unit of production, which led to a decrease in costs by 15-30% and an increase in profits by 1 RUB.costs by in 10-15%.

Keywords: tillage, moisture supply, crop rotation, yield, profitability

Scientific Agronomy Journal. 2019. 1(104). pp. 27-30

Protection of Plants

N.A. Emelyanov, D.S-Kh.N., Professor of the chair «Plant protection», Saratov State Agrarian University in honor of N.I. Vavilov. Russia; V.I. Buyankin, K.S-Kh.N. – Lower-Volga NIISKh, Affiliate of FSC of Agroecology, RAN, Volgograd

Abstract. The trips colonization tendency is determined which is characterized by polynomial equation showing the decrease in the pest population from the periphery to the center. The methods are elaborated and suggested for trips population monitoring in the fields of winter wheat grown under fallow and non cerealsforecrops. The given methods enable to minimize significantly (40-50 time fold) the scope and time monitoring, to reduce expenses and to increase efficiency, consequently provide proper protection measures allowing limiting the pest population according to the economic threshold of harmfulness.

Keywords: wheat trips, stage, colonization, rezervators, regression method, regression

Scientific Agronomy Journal. 2019. 1(104). pp. 31-37

Protection of Plants

L.I. Igolnikova, K.S-Kh.N., senior researcher – Lower-Volga NIISKh, Affiliate of FSC of Agroecology, RAN, Volgograd, Igolnikova. lyubov @ yandex. ru

Abstract. The aim of the research is to study the use of various biological products in the cultivation of field crops. Biopreparations are used as follows: post-harvest treatment of plant residues with simultaneous incorporation into the soil (the main method); pre-sowing seed treatment and foliar feeding of plants during vegetation. As a result of the use of biological products during the years of testing, the yield of field crops has significantly increased, the infection of seeds and plant residues has decreased, the profitability of the economy has increased.

Keywords: plants, crops, seeds, vegetation, microorganisms, fertilizers, biological products, soil, fertility, fertilizing, productivity, profitability, ecology

Scientific Agronomy Journal. 2019. 1(104). pp. 38-41

Ecology

M.N. Belitskaya, D.B.N. – FSC agroecology RAS, Volgograd, Russia, giromuvaldovna@mail.ru

Abstract. Transformation of the rangelands through the establishment of a system of interacting multibreed protective forest plantations – a powerful factor of increase and conservation of biodiversity all the components of forest-agrarian landscape in the extreme South-East of the Russian Federation. Plantings in these conditions include both local and introduced breeds (black saxaul Haloxylon aphyllum Minkw.), they are play an important role in shaping communities and regulating their composition and structure. More than 700 species of insects from 96 families and 12 orders are registered in these plantings. In this Insect populations formed here mainly at the expense of the zonal complex of insects that inhabit herbaceous Association (90.7 per cent) and specialized pest plants (9,3%). On the basis of the inventory is established by the species composition of entomocomplexes Haloxylon aphyllum Minkw., the structure of the insect population, identified the most important types of pests. 15 species of harmful insects are registered in the community. It is found that the abundance of species, their harmfulness and distribution vary significantly depending from natural and climatic features of regions, species composition of forest plantations, geographical origin of crops, forest conditions and topography.

Keywords: biodiversity, monitoring, protective forest plantations, arid zone, entomofauna, pasture, black saxaul, insects, mass species

Scientific Agronomy Journal. 2019. 1(104). pp. 42-45

Ecology

I.R. Gribust, K.S-Kh.N. – FSC agroecology RAS, Volgograd, Russia, gi-romuvaldovna@mail.ru

Abstract. Forest plantations in arid regions are the main organizing force that determines the stability of the functioning of transformed ecosystems. In recent decades, the dominance the com-plexes of defoliant insects is leveled by the activation of insignificant structural elements in insect communities, including complexes of leaf-mining insects and their impact on forest plantations. Among the trees and shrubs that are attractive for the development of by leaf-mining insects are highlight the plants of the genus Quercus, Ulmus, Populus and Betula. The population of insect miners in the crowns of these trees is the most diverse. The total abundance of mines here varies on average at the level of 27.2 ÷ 148.5 pcs. / 100 leaves. Complexes of leaf-mining insects in plantings in which the main forest-forming species (Quercus, Ulmus) account for up to 100% are characterized by low diversity (12-7 species). At the same time, the number of mines in crowns reaches a maximum level (50.2 ÷ 190.1 pcs / 100 leaves). The material presented reflects the characteristics of the development of complexes of leaf-mining insects and damaged of leaves on the trees of various genus and the level of the destructive effect of leaf-mining insects on the leaves.

Keywords: biodiversity, forest plants, leaf-mining insects, mina, abundance, damage to the foliage

Scientific Agronomy Journal. 2019. 1(104). pp. 45-48

In Breeders’ Laboratories

P.A. Smutnev, K.S-Kh.N., leading researcher, I.N. Markova, K.S-Kh.N., senior researcher – Lower-Volga NIISKh, Affiliate of FSC of Agroecology, RAN, Volgograd

Abstract. The article presents the results of the study of samples of spring spelt of the world collection of VNIIR on economic and biological characteristics in the conditions of the Lower Level. The data of field and laboratory evaluation of spring forms of spelt on the productivity and quality of grain are presented. The best lines of spring spelt are selected for use as a starting material for creating new varieties. Studied cultivar agrotechnics of spring Emmer wheat in the Volgograd region.

Keywords: spring spelt, collector number, selection, agrotechnics

Scientific Agronomy Journal. 2019. 3(106). pp. 4-6

Contemporary Research

DOI 10.34736/FNC.2019.106.3.001

E.A. Krukova, D.S-Kh.N., T.V. Kuznetsova, K.S-Kh.N., A.V. Semenyutina, D.S-Kh.N. – FSC of Agroecology RAS, Volgograd, Russia

Abstract. The article considers the main diseases of elm species of woody plants and oak and gives a detailed description of the biological features of morphological forms. The species and hybrids of woody plants, which are the most resistant to specific pathogens, were determined. Comparative characteristics of resistance to grafiosis (Dutch elm disease) of elm species diversity was given. The results of phytopathological monitoring of the plantation of vegetative offspring and seed area to resistance to Dutch elm disease are presented. The article presents the most aggressive strains of the grafiosis causative agent. As a result of the research, the principles of evaluation and selection of resistant to mycosis woody plants have been developed. The estimation of resistance according to biochemical signs is carried out. The types and forms with a high degree of pathogen resistance, recommended for production purposes in afforestation (protective forest plantations and urban ecosystems) is selected.

Keywords: principles, methods, selection, vascular pathology, pathogen resistance, afforestation, biodiversity, species, forms, hybrids

Scientific Agronomy Journal. 2019. 3(106). pp. 7-10

Contemporary Research

DOI 10.34736/FNC.2019.106.3.002

D.K. Suchkov, Junior research fellow – FSC of Agroecology RAS, (laboratory of agricultural ecology and forecasting of biological productivity the agro-forest-landscape), Volgograd, Russia, E-mail: suchkov1992@yandex.ru

Abstract. One of the most important tasks set for agriculture is to increase the productivity of land, intensification of agriculture and acceleration of socio-economic development of the country. These tasks are facilitated by protective forest plantations (PFP), which improve the environmental conditions of the protected field and increase the yield of crops. Protective forest plantations have a large organic mass, concentrated on relatively small areas, with high durability and stability of environmental impact. They are regulators of bioecological balance in the protected area, eliminate climatic discomfort of the environment. Experts rely on the type of terrain for laying the protective forest strips. It is recommended to arrange such plantings in steppe areas at a distance of 200 meters from each other and in forest steppe and other areas – no more than at a distance of 250 meters from each other. This article describes the technology of cultivation and preparation of soil for shelterbelts in the dry steppe and the semi-desert zones, which can be used in practice.

Keywords: field-protective forest belt, soil preparation, planting material, cracking, land reclamation

Scientific Agronomy Journal. 2019. 3(106). pp. 10-12

Technology Questions in the Agro-Industrial Complex

DOI 10.34736/FNC.2019.106.3.003

V.I. Turusov¹, Akademic of RAS, D.S-Kh.N., O.A. Bogatykh², K.S-Kh.N., N.V. Dronova³, K.S-Kh.N., E.A. Balyunova⁴, researcher –

¹ Director; ² Deputy Head of Laboratory of Ecological and Landscape Rotations; ³ Senior Researcher of Laboratory of Ecological and Landscape Rotations; ⁴ Researcher of Laboratory of Ecological Landscape Rotations Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution «Research Institute of Agriculture of the Central Chernozem Zone named after V.V. Dokuchaev», E-mail: niish1c@mail.ru

Abstract. Conservation and reproduction of soil fertility remains the actual issue in modern farming systems. Scientifically based crop rotation increases soil fertility, provides more efficient usage of nutrients and soil water resources, significantly reduces use of mineral fertilizers. There was conducted the research for increasing proportion of soil-improving crops, optimization of bare, seeded and green manure fallow, introduction non-traditional crops into crop rotation as a forecrops for winter wheat such as chickpeas and soybeans in FGBNU SRAI Central Black Earth Zone named after V.V. Dokuchaev. Article presents results of water and soil nutritional regimes due to various preceding crops and their influence on winter wheat productivity. It was established that the best use of productive moisture during springsummer period was in winter wheat crops after sainfoin for green manure, bare field and mustard for green manure, which were favorably affected the value of yield (4.65, 4.53, 4.15 t / ha, respectively).

Keywords: forecrops, soil water regime, soil nutrition regime, winter wheat productivity

Scientific Agronomy Journal. 2019. 3(106). pp. 13-15

Technology Questions in the Agro-Industrial Complex

DOI 10.34736/FNC.2019.106.3.004

V.I. Turusov¹, Akademic of RAS, D.S-Kh.N., V.M. Garmashov², D.S-Kh.N. –

¹Director, ²head of adaptive landscape agriculture Department, E-mail: niish1c@mai1.ru Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution «Research Institute of Agriculture of the Central Chernozem Zone named after V.V. Dokuchaev»

Abstract. Maize culture is low-demand to predecessors, but the highest productivity can be obtained when it is placed in the crop rotation after winter cereals in soil and climatic conditions of the South-East of the cchz. In the conditions of cchz, a high productivity of maize can be obtained by placing it on the spring cereal predecessors, but under the condition of effective protection of crops against weeds. It is also a good predecessor for spring crops. Studies have found that the most effective basic tillage for corn is a double disk peeling to a depth of 8-10 cm and plowing to a depth of 20-22 … 25-27 cm, depending on the landscape conditions. The highest yield of grain corn was obtained under conditions of moldboard different-depth tillage system in crop rotation, and plowing to a depth of 25-27 cm for maize – 3,92 t/ha, under moldboard system of soil tillage to a depth of 20-22 cm and 25-27 cm – 3,88 t/ha. Increasing the depth of plowing under conditions of moldboard soil cultivation systems and the increased turnover of the stratum e.g. the use of double-level ploughing did not contribute to the increase in its yield. The yield of corn for silage and grain was at the level of conventional plowing. Saturation with flat-cut tillages in combined tillage systems led to a decrease in maize yield in proportion with the increase in their share in crop rotation. The maximum decrease in the yield of corn grain is observed under a non-moldboard multi-depth flat-cutting system of soil cultivation in the crop rotation. In case of N60P60K60 fertilizer application, the greatest efficiency is observed under the combined and multi-depth moldboard tillage systems in crop rotation and under the plowing to a depth of 20-22 cm for corn.

Keywords: corn, predecessors, method of tillage, ploughing, non-moldboard tillage, maize yield

Scientific Agronomy Journal. 2019. 3(106). pp. 16-18

Technology Questions in the Agro-Industrial Complex

DOI 10.34736/FNC.2019.106.3.005

N.N. Borodina, senior researcher, L.P. Andreevskaya, senior researcher, V.I. Pavlenko, researcher – Lower-Volga NIISKh, affiliate of FSC of Agroecology RAS, Volgograd, Russia

Abstract. The article contains results of researches in conditions of dry steppe zone of chestnut soils. The winter wheat yield forming was studied depending on means of soil preparation and weather conditions. Variants of basic tillage were proposed for study: -a classical ploughing by means of a plow PN-4-35 (control); -a basic tillage by chisel tool OCHO-5-40 with an interval of 0.4 m; 0.8 m; 1.6 m; -a variant without basic tillage. Over the years, studies have found that chisel soil cultivation even to a depth of 0.32-0.35 m allows to reduce the material and monetary costs up to 5-12 % in comparison with moldboard plow soil cultivation (depth of 0.25-0.27 m) by reducing relative fuel consumption (31%). This method increases net income by 1025-2360 RUB per 1 hectare, and also increases the profitability to 29%.

Keywords: uncultivated fallow, winter wheat, the means of basic ground cultivation, water supply, productivity, profitability

Scientific Agronomy Journal. 2019. 3(106). pp. 19-23

Protection of Plants

DOI 10.34736/FNC.2019.106.3.006

M.N. Belitskaya, D.S-Kh.N., I.R. Gribust, K.S-Kh.N, K.Ya. Blum, postgraduate student, cheizer9@yandex.ru – FSC of Agroecology RAS, Volgograd, Russia

Abstract. Intrusion of invasive species of insects is a process that is hard to control. Economic way of penetration of alien species on the territory of the Russian Federation becomes the main way, which is associated with an increase in turnover of trade and freight, the spread of plant products (sowing and planting materials) on the containers, packaging material, with hand luggage, etc. Naturalization of the adventive species under new conditions does not pass without consequences for biocenosis, and at the same time, an alien species is not always economically dangerous. The absence of natural enemies, the ability to redistribute the energy resources and reproduction skillfully and high variability of the genetic apparatus allows the invasive species to adapt to new conditions. Reduced resistance of plant communities in general and individual plant species in particular provokes a decrease of interspecific and intraspecific competition, which causes a threat to the natural processes of development of biocenoses, contributes to the reduction of biodiversity and increases the possibility of extinction of many species. This applies fully to the population of insects, which are the most important indicator of the state of woody plants.

Keywords: forest plantations, invasive species, pests, phyllophaga, carpophaga

Scientific Agronomy Journal. 2019. 3(106). pp. 23-25

Protection of Plants

DOI 10.34736/FNC.2019.106.3.007

O.A. Nikolskaya, senior researcher, A.V. Solonkin, D.S-Kh.N. – Lower-Volga NIISKh, Affiliate of FSC of Agroecology RAS, Volgograd, Russia

Abstract. In recent years, the number of dangerous pests of fruit crops, including such harmful as black zlatka, has increased. Damage zlatka trees in the garden and seedlings in the nursery often lead to their death. The most vulnerable to zlatka (Capnodis tenebrionis L.) are stone cultures. For three years, in the experimental production laboratory of fruit crops of the lower Volga research Institute of agriculture by route surveys, as well as monitoring of fruit plantations, in the period from budding to termination of vegetation, with an interval of 4-5 days, the study of the distribution and number of pests was carried out. As a result, it was found that the greatest damage, in the conditions of the Volgograd region, zlatka causes fruit plantations during the ripening period of stone fruit crops (June-July). The most effective way to combat this pest is the treatment of systemic insecticides in the period from the beginning of fruit formation to the end of fruit ripening, and in the nursery – until the end of the growth of shoots.

Keywords: pests, protection, black zlatka (Capnodis tenebrionis L.), insecticide, fruit plantations, nursery

Scientific Agronomy Journal. 2019. 3(106). pp. 26-28

In Breeders’ Laboratories

DOI 10.34736/FNC.2019.106.3.008

A.N. Neymysheva, senior researcher – Lower-Volga NIISKh, affiliate of FSC of Agroecology RAS, Volgograd, Russia

Abstract. The most important task of breeding is the combination of features of new sort such as: resistance to ad-verse environmental conditions, productivity and quality. A new sort of millet called Cinderella bred in the lower-Volga research Institute of agriculture (affiliate of FSC of Agroecology RAS) has such indications. The sort refers to a variety aureum. Grain is cream-colored, large and spherical. Panicle compact and dense, slightly drooping, with a length of 19-23 cm. The shrub is upright, the stem is thick, strong and the leaves are long, wide. Plant height is 68-101 cm, plant does not lie down, ear does not crumble and is resis-tant to the dry period. The weight of 1000 grains is 7.9-8.4 grams. Sort is middle-ripening; ripen through 85-92 days. Technological quality is high with bright yellow millet, its yield is 77.0-78.9%. The glossiness is 94%. Its loss caused by melanosis is weak (0.4-0.8%). Grain contains 12.8% protein. The sort is protected by smut resistance genes Sp1 and Sp2. The sort is productive, it showed an average yield of 1.59 t / ha (2.22-1.07 t/ha). This exceeded the standard of Saratov yellow by 0.3 t / ha.

Keywords: millet (Panicum miliaceum), selection, sort, hybridization, selection, sort testing, productivity, vegetation period, drought resistance, quality, immunity

Scientific Agronomy Journal. 2019. 3(106). pp. 29-32

In Breeders’ Laboratories

DOI 10.34736/FNC.2019.106.3.009

A.M. Kuleshov, K. S-Kh.N. – Lower-Volga NIISKh, affiliate of FSC of Agroecology RAS, Volgograd region, Russia

Abstract. The article presents three-year test results (2015-2017) of 150-170 collection sort samples of safflower (Lat. Carthamus tinctorius) on typical chestnut soils of the Lower Volga region. The sort samples differed both in origin and morphobiological characteristics. There were revealed the promising forms from them with selection value as the source material during the creation of new sorts of safflower: 435 Mexico, 364 Iran, 507 Hungary and Moldir of Kazakhstan. These varieties have higher indices than standard sort of «safflower dyeing» (Volgograd 15) in terms of oil content by 0.8% and 2.9%, weight of 1000 grams by 0.7-6.4 grams depending on weather conditions and years of research. The creation of new varieties based on them will stabilize the market of oilseeds in regions with arid conditions.

Keywords: (Lat. Carthamus tinctorius), samples of sorts, growth conditions, vegetative period, productivity and quality, selection value

Scientific Agronomy Journal. 2019. 3(106). pp. 32-35

In Breeders’ Laboratories

DOI 10.34736/FNC.2019.106.3.010

N.S. Sharco, senior researcher – lower-Volga NIISKh, affiliate of FSC of Agroecology RAS, Volgograd, Russia

Abstract. Sudanese grass (Lat. Sorghum drummondii) is an exceptionally drought-resistant crop, it makes good use of the rainfall of the second half of summer and forms a large above-ground mass that is suitable for repeated grazing and mowing. Plant breeders of lower-Volga NIISKh, affiliate of FSC of Agroecology RAS created 9 sorts of Sudanese grass. Despite the success, it should be noted that the created sorts are not perfect enough. Currently, there are many requirements for the sorts: compliance with climatic and soil conditions of cultivation, resistance to stress factors, diseases and pest damage, adaptability to mechanical cultivation, high quality and yield of obtained production. The main methods used in new sorts breeding are manual castration and pollination during the inter-sort hybridization. Self-pollination, free pollination, mass and individual selection. The article presents the results of breeding work consisting of the creation and study of new early-ripening, high-yielding, good-qualitative sort samples of Sudanese grass.

Keywords: Sudanese grass, sort, hybridization, crossbreeding, competitive test, the ability of regrowth, foliage content, protein, inflorescence emerge, green weight, hay, yield, early-ripeness ability, drought tolerance

Scientific Agronomy Journal. 2019. 3(106). pp. 36-38

In Breeders’ Laboratories

DOI 10.34736/FNC.2019.106.3.011

V.N. Pitonya, senior researcher, vladimir.pitonya@yandex.ru, I.N. Markova, K. S-Kh.N., senior researcher – Lower-Volga NIISKh, affiliate of FSC of Agroecology RAS, Volgograd region, Russia

Abstract. There was studied an adaptability of spring barley sorts to extreme weather conditions in the dry-steppe zone of chestnut soils of the Volgograd region. There were used the data from competitive test of sorts for period of 2015-2018. The experiments were carried out on 4 sorts, entered in the register of selection achievements in the lower Volga region and 2 promising sorts bred by the Lower-Volga NIISKh, affiliate of FSC of Agroecology RAS in accordance with field predecessors. Years of research were characterized by considerable contrast of the weather during the growing season of barley: 2015 and 2018 – dry, hydrothermal coefficient 0,3-0,1; 2016 – arid (0,8); 2017 – slightly dry (1,1). The average yield of the sorts ranged from 2,36 t/ha for the standard sort called «Kamyshinsky 23» to 2.60 t/ha for new sorts called «Medicom 696/1132». The most stable sorts according to grain yield is barley «Dmitrievsky 5» and a new sort «Medium 200» – coefficients of variation are 41.8 and 42.3%, and the standard is 51.0%. The coefficient of plasticity is highest in promising sorts «Medium 696/1132» – 1.05% and «Medium 200» – 1.04%, and in the sort «Kamyshinsky 23» – 0.94% respectively. In terms of drought resistance, the studied sorts differed slightly in 2018, the coefficient of yield variation in accordance with sorts was 3.13%. Significant differences were observed in heat resistance. In 2015, high temperatures of up to 40°C reduced the grain content in the ear in the period of the barley ears forming and, as a consequence, the yield. The smallest depression of grain yield from heat- and drought-resistant sorts «Demetrius 5» is 56,3%, «Medium 200» is 57.4%, and from the standard sort «Kamyshinsky 23» is 69,1% respectively.

Keywords: barley, selection, sort, resistance to heat, drought resistance, the yield

Scientific Agronomy Journal. 2019. 3(106). pp. 36-38

In Breeders’ Laboratories

DOI 10.34736/FNC.2019.106.3.011

V.N. Pitonya, senior researcher, vladimir.pitonya@yandex.ru, I.N. Markova, K. S-Kh.N., senior researcher – Lower-Volga NIISKh, affiliate of FSC of Agroecology RAS, Volgograd region, Russia

Abstract. There was studied an adaptability of spring barley sorts to extreme weather conditions in the dry-steppe zone of chestnut soils of the Volgograd region. There were used the data from competitive test of sorts for period of 2015-2018. The experiments were carried out on 4 sorts, entered in the register of selection achievements in the lower Volga region and 2 promising sorts bred by the Lower-Volga NIISKh, affiliate of FSC of Agroecology RAS in accordance with field predecessors. Years of research were characterized by considerable contrast of the weather during the growing season of barley: 2015 and 2018 – dry, hydrothermal coefficient 0,3-0,1; 2016 – arid (0,8); 2017 – slightly dry (1,1). The average yield of the sorts ranged from 2,36 t/ha for the standard sort called «Kamyshinsky 23» to 2.60 t/ha for new sorts called «Medicom 696/1132». The most stable sorts according to grain yield is barley «Dmitrievsky 5» and a new sort «Medium 200» – coefficients of variation are 41.8 and 42.3%, and the standard is 51.0%. The coefficient of plasticity is highest in promising sorts «Medium 696/1132» – 1.05% and «Medium 200» – 1.04%, and in the sort «Kamyshinsky 23» – 0.94% respectively. In terms of drought resistance, the studied sorts differed slightly in 2018, the coefficient of yield variation in accordance with sorts was 3.13%. Significant differences were observed in heat resistance. In 2015, high temperatures of up to 40°C reduced the grain content in the ear in the period of the barley ears forming and, as a consequence, the yield. The smallest depression of grain yield from heat- and drought-resistant sorts «Demetrius 5» is 56,3%, «Medium 200» is 57.4%, and from the standard sort «Kamyshinsky 23» is 69,1% respectively.

Keywords: barley, selection, sort, resistance to heat, drought resistance, the yield

Scientific Agronomy Journal. 2019. 3(106). pp. 38-41

In Breeders’ Laboratories

DOI 10.34736/FNC.2019.106.3.012

I.N. Markova, K.S-Kh.N. – Lower-Volga NIISKh, Affiliate of FSC of Agroecology, RAS, Volgograd, Russia, irynamarckOva@yandex.ru

Abstract. For four years, the productivity and adaptive properties of 15 zoned and promising sorts of spring durum wheat in the Lower Volga region were studied. It was revealed the influence of specific elements of productivity for crop yield, such as productive tillering, number of grains in ear, 1000 grains weight, the safety of the plants at harvesting time. The yield of du-rum wheat is the most strongly dependent on the number of grains per ear and weight of 1000 grains. The correlation between these features and productivity is average. Adaptive properties of the sorts were calculated by the method of L. A. Zhivotkov. According to our data, an adaptability of the sorts was more related to varietal characteristics, especially in the lean years. Therefore, it is necessary to examine the breeding material for adaptability more carefully, in order to prevent losing perspective forms.

Keywords: spring durum wheat, sort, yield, 1000-grams weight, productive tillering, adaptability

Scientific Agronomy Journal. 2019. 3(106). pp. 41-43

Economics and Management in the Agro-Industrial Complex

DOI 10.34736/FNC.2019.106.3.013

E.P. Sukhareva, senior researcher, K.S.-Kh.N., A.V. Belikina, researcher – Lower-Volga NIISKH, Affiliate of FSC of Agroecology RAS, Volgograd

Abstract. The article considers the market of winter wheat seeds in the Volgograd region. It was determined that consumer demand for winter wheat seeds are not elastic in price. Demand for winter wheat seeds changes by 5%, with a change in prices. The offer is elastic in price, e.g. if the price changes by a percentage, the offer changes by 20.3%. There are several breeding centers within the winter wheat seed market in the Volgograd Region. It is estimated that the Donskoy Agricultural Research Center (Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution) has the largest distribution of the sorts with a volume of seeds production of all reproductions of 44.4% the second place (18.8%) is occupied by the Federal State Budget Scientific Institution of Agriculture of the South-East according to winter wheat seed concentration within the market, the third place (16.1%) is occupied by FNC Agroecology RAS. The winter wheat seed market can be described as monopolistic competition, when there are several sellers and buyers within the market, but those are in smaller amount than in case of a perfect competition.

Keywords: market, winter wheat seeds, demand, offer, monopolistic competition, Herfindahl-Hirschman index

Scientific Agronomy Journal. 2019. 3(106). pp. 44-45

Ecology

DOI 10.34736/FNC.2019.106.3.014

V.I. Buyankin, K. S-Kh.N., leading researcher, member of the Russian Botanical society; O.A. Nikolskaya, senior researcher – Lower-Volga NIISKh, affiliate of FSC of Agroecology RAS, Volgograd region, Russia

Abstract. The aridity of the Lower Volga region determines sparse natural herbage of formed semi-desert botanic communities with low projective cover. On clay solonetz soils, conditions are created for the successful growth of a rare endemic plants, e.g. Colchicum lactum Stev (Jolly Colchicum), included into the «Red books» of four subjects of Russia. The results of observations of the Colchicum cheerful in the pastures of the Oktyabrsky district of the Volgograd region 2004-2018 years are presented in the article. The biological features of its growth and development under local conditions, the pharmaceutical value of the plant are revealed there. A toxicity is considered as a mean of self-defense of the red book specimen. There are expressed the suggestions for the protection of the plants, which suppose necessarily an adjustable pasturage of domestic animals within the habitat of Colchicum cheerful and also the possibility of its introduction into the culture.

Keywords: Colchicum cheerful, biology, aridity, Red book, conservation measures, Lower Volga region, the endemic region, toxicity

Scientific Agronomy Journal. 2019. 3(106). pp. 46-48

Ecology

DOI 10.34736/FNC.2019.106.3.015

M.V. Tsoi, postgraduate student – FSC of Agroecology RAS, Volgograd, Russia

Abstract. Manure is the staple food of many insects in nature, especially Black Solider Fly larvae (Hermetia illucens). Hermetia illucens larvae contribute to the natural utilization of food waste, and as they grow, they become food for many small and large animals, as well as birds and fish. Insects convert residual proteins of manure and other nutrients into biomass, which is a high-quality protein food for animals. Studies have been conducted to understand and use this technique for the disposal of manure. Scientists of in China, Russia, the USA, Mexico, countries of Eastern Europe, Israel, Australia, Central and South America use various methods of processing manure methods, as well as methods of recycling organic waste by converting them into biomass. The accent emphasis has shifted towards the production of fodder feed using insects. This increases the concentration of nutrients in animal feed. Insect larvae reduce the nutrient content of manure by 50-60% or more, absorbing them into themselves, while manure becomes a dry, crumbly substance, it is economically profitable to beneficial when transporting it within over considerable distances (unlike manure). Larvae modify alter the microflora of manure, potentially reducing the number of harmful bacteria. And factually, the larvae themselves are a protein feed additive for animals. In Russia, the methodology and cultivation process for the fly of the Black Solider Fly H. illucens are under development and are not practically not used in wide production. The studies have been conducted to understand and use this technique for manure recycling. Based on the literature and our own data, the features of the content of the Black Solider Fly (Hermetia illucens) in the laboratory culture were studied, basing on the literature and our own data, and this article describes the results of experiments of on the cultivation of a Black Solider Fly from eggs to adults and bioconversion of organic material. The prospects of using the fly within in the agriculture of our zone are considered.

Keywords: Black Solider Fly (Hermetia illucens), bioconversion, optimization of plant growth and development

Scientific Agronomy Journal. 2019. 2(105). pp. 4-6

Contemporary Research

A. Boldyr’, K.S-Kh.N., senior researcher, V. Yu. Selivanova, researcher – Lower-Volga NIISKh, Affiliate of FSC of Agroecology RAS, Volgograd, Russia

Abstract. The article assesses the impact of light chestnut soil treatments on the accumulation of NPK in plowed fields in the Volgograd region. It is established that the higher content of nutrients in the fields that plowed without turnover of the soil layer, and in the control version in comparison with the lower rates at the surface treatment of the soil in all years of research. The data on the microbiological activity of the soil investigated by the method of linen strips are presented. The advantage of ploughing without turnover of the soil layer before classical treatments on the influence of microbiological activity of the soil was established. Changes in the nutrient regime of the soil under the influence of various meteorological conditions of the year are revealed. The intensity of nutrient accumulation depended on the intensity of precipitation, but virtually all of these indicators in years with hydrothermal coefficient of 0.3-0.5 they did not differ from the indicators in the years with hydrothermal coefficient 0.7. Quantitative change of nutrients in plowed fields is observed for different methods of soil cultivation. For comparison, the article presents the results on the accumulation of NPK and changes in soil moisture in the field with direct sowing and chemical treatment.

Keywords: plowing, tillage, food regime of clean fields, soil moisture dynamics

Scientific Agronomy Journal. 2019. 2(105). pp. 7-9

Contemporary Research

N.A. Tkachenko, K.S-Kh.N., A.V. Koshelev, K.S-Kh.N. – FSC of Agroecology RAS, Volgograd, Russia

Abstract. Intensive farming, coupled with the lack of forestreclamation measures, led to an increase in land degradation processes in the Volgograd Trans-Volga region. The structure of land areas in the Trans-Volga region and determines the degree of their degradation by administrative districts analyzed in the article. It has been established that salinization is the most common form of degradation in the Trans-Volga region, it covers 59.4% of farmland, deflation in second place is 28.2%, and water erosion in the third place is 12.4%. The most saline lands are observed in the Pallasovsky district (328.8 thousand hectares), in Nikolaevsky (108.7 thousand hectares) and Staropoltavsky (107.4 thousand hectares) regions. Agricultural lands of Bykovsky (111.0 thousand hectares) and Staropoltavsky (105.9 thousand hectares) areas are most susceptible to deflation. Weak linear erosion and plane soil erosion were found in Nikolaevsky (72.0 thousand hectares) and Staropoltavsky (55.9 thousand hectares) districts. The use of geographic information technologies in conjunction with the data of remote sensing of the Earth allows to monitor the state of agrolandscapes, identify geographic features and rates of development of degradation processes and identify areas that need urgent anti-degradation measures.

Keywords: agricultural land, arable land, pastures, land degradation, Volgograd Trans-Volga region, mapping, satellite imagery

Scientific Agronomy Journal. 2019. 2(105). pp. 9-14

Contemporary Research

E.E. Leontyeva, research fellow – Lower-Volga NIISKh, affiliate of FSC of Agroecology RAS

Abstract. The article presents the results of studies of agroclimatic conditions of the dry steppe zone of light chestnut soils of the Gorodishchensky Region of the Volgograd Province. Results of meteorological observations since 1955 are reviewed. The influence of two meteorological elements, wind direction/speed and air temperature is discussed. Gorodishchensky Region is located in the Central drysteppe agro-climatic zone. The article analyzes changes that have occurred since the middle of the last century. Studies have shown that small climatic changes can be analyzed within a single locality based on meteorological statistics. It is found that the average daily air temperature has been gradually increasing at an annual rate of 2.1°C. It is also evident that the wind situation has been deteriorating, which calls for wind protection measures, such as planting of protective forest belts. Examining these data will help solve practical problems related to improving the efficiency of land use and agriculture in general in the Gorodishchensky district. And competent management will help increase not only the productivity of field crops but also the fertility of soils.

Keywords: air temperature, wind speed and direction, agro-climatic features, dry steppe zone

Scientific Agronomy Journal. 2019. 2(105). pp. 14-17

Contemporary Research

A.V. Koshelev, K.S-Kh.N. alexkosh@mail.ru – FSC of Agroecology RAS, Volgograd, Russia

Abstract. The materials on the agrochemical survey of dark-chestnut soils of the Pronin test site in the Serafimovichsky district of the Volgograd region are presented in the article. According to the results of laboratory analysis of soil samples, it was established that soils of heavy particle size distribution with low and medium humus content prevail on the test site. By availability of nitrogen (ammonium and nitrate forms) of soils have an average and good, that is 78.5%, and very low and low availability are 21.5%. The content of mobile phosphorus as a whole has an average availability, which is 57.5%. The soils of the test site have an increased potassium availability, which is 74.8%. A map of polygon fields and agrochemical cartograms of basic soil indicators have been compiled. Recommendations for improving soil fertility of the test site are given.

Keywords: dark chestnut soils, humus, particle size distribution, NPK, agrochemical cartograms, fertility

Scientific Agronomy Journal. 2019. 2(105). pp. 18-20

Contemporary Research

A. Kuznetsova, K.S-Kh.N., S. A. Mordvinkin, K.S-Kh.N. – Volgograd state agrarian University, Volgograd, Russia

Abstract. The article considers the possibility of using crushed flax seeds in the production of wheat bread. During the experiment, trial baking of bread with different dosages of crushed flax seeds and wheat flour was carried out. The indicators of mixtures of crushed flax seeds and wheat flour of the first grade in the ratios were studied 4:96; 8:92; 12:88. The research was carried out in the laboratory of the Department «Technology of storage and processing of agricultural raw materials and catering» of the Volgograd state agrarian University. In the course of the experiment were studied: problems in the baking industry at the present stage; the influence of flax on nutritional value; the influence of crushed flax seeds on the properties of wheat gluten, organoleptic indicators of bread quality; physical and chemical indicators of bread quality; changes in baking properties of wheat bread with the addition of crushed flax seeds. As a result of the study, the possibility of producing wheat bread using crushed flax seeds was established, and the optimal dosage of crushed flax seeds and wheat flour was established, which allows to obtain bread with high organoleptic and physico-chemical parameters.

Keywords: wheat bread, flax, crushed seeds, quality, organoleptic characteristics, physical and chemical parameters, baking formation properties

Scientific Agronomy Journal. 2019. 2(105). pp. 20-23

Contemporary Research

A.M. Pugacheva, K.S-Kh.N., pugachevaa@vfanc.ru – FSC of Agroecology RAS, Volgograd, Russia

Abstract. For the first time for semi-desert landscapes of the Volgograd region, according to the currently dominant characteristics of this territory, a retrospective analysis of botanical research has been carried out. The researches of complexity characterize the semi-desert feature, indicating the presence of a tripartite component. The unique meadow chestnut soils peculiar to micro-depressions create conditions for better moisture supply. They are characterized by increased soil fertility, and provide additional opportunities for increasing the forest cover of drylands. Restoration in the fallow regime of complex soils after long-term violations of agricultural activity brings soil fertility to the zonal, with a correlation coefficient of 0.87. The reliability of the results is confirmed by Student’s t-test (probability 0.0005). The specific features of the plant communities are correlated with micro-depressions, where the best moisturizing conditions explain the presence in grass communities near the depressions of forest species. As the plant communities move away from depressions, the number of steppe species changes upwards, and the number of weed and meadow plants decreases. The dominants in the herbage are the cereals of the family Poaceae, 28 species have been identified. The sodominants are wormwood – 7 species have been identified, characterizing the specificity of the herbage. The peculiarity of this area is the distribution of precipitation over the periods of active vegetation analyzed for the 24-year period. In 29 % of the maximum precipitation falls in the summer (characteristic of the steppe zone), spring – 46 %, which corresponds to the desert zone, the remaining 25 % in the autumn. A retrospective analysis of semi-desert landscapes demonstrated the preservation of the uniqueness of the study area through a century-old period.

Keywords: semi-desert landscapes, botanical research, complex soil cover, plant communities

Scientific Agronomy Journal. 2019. 2(105). pp. 24-26

Contemporary Research

D.K. Suchkov, Junior research fellow – FSC of Agroecology RAS (laboratory of agricultural ecology and forecasting of biological productivity of the agro-ecolandscape), Volgograd, Russia, E-mail: suchkov1992@yandex.ru

Abstract. To date land under protective forest belts is an object of non-movable, on which state property is not delimited. As a result, these objects do not belong to anyone, therefore no one can dispose of them. In this situation no one is obliged to preserve protected forest strips. As a result, there is a serious problem of carrying out restoration activities of these objects associated with the poor condition of protective forest belts. As heads of farms in which territory they are located, have no right to carry out any activity in relation to them, according to article 102 of the forest code of the Russian Federation. As a result, positive aspects of the use of protected forest belts are minimized as a result of ageing and extinction of trees, which adversely affects agriculture. One of the ways to preserve the protective forest strips is to carry out thinning, but first, it is necessary to conduct an inventory of forest belts, in order to obtain taxation data, to conduct the necessary restoration activities. This article presents the results of a study of the current state of the protective forest belt in the village of Troitsk, Mikhailovsky district, Volgograd region. The paper used both traditional and modern methods of studying the technical condition of the forest stand, as well as methods of accounting and determining the taxation indicators of the protective forest belt. According to the results of the study, the author gives an assessment of the state of protective forest plantations and recommendations for improving their condition, which can be used in practice.

Keywords: field-protective forest strip, condition assessment, a tree inventory

Scientific Agronomy Journal. 2019. 2(105). pp. 27-29

Technology Questions in the Agro-Industrial Complex

A.M. Belyakov, D.S-Kh.N. – FSC of Agroecology RAS

Abstract. The article presents the soil-climatic characteristic of the Volgograd region, the historical background of the development of the agriculture sector is given, the basic reasons for increasing the gross product of the agroindustrial complex are indicated, the logical steps for the development of zonal farming systems at each stage of the development of productive forces are shown. The final results and achievements of today are presented, where the region occupies a worthy place in the agriculture of Russia. The reserves of growth of agricultural production of the Volgograd region on the basis of scientific developments of regional science are revealed, calculations and methods for the implementation of applied research in the practice of agricultural production are carried out. The perspective of the industry development is indicated, the role of agrarian science is shown, c findings and conclusion are made. The article is accompanied by three tables with data of gross yield, yield of grain crops, volumes of write-off of crops and the structure of sown areas and their description.

Keywords: region, soil, climate, land resources, receptions, agrotechnologies, farming systems, grain production, drought, sowing structure, varieties, yield, gross yield, reserves, prospect

Scientific Agronomy Journal. 2019. 2(105). pp. 30-31

Technology Questions in the Agro-Industrial Complex

A. Bugreev, Junior researcher – FSC of Agroecology RAS

Abstract. The article presents the data of experience the dependence of the yield of winter wheat varieties Komyshanka 3 from ways of the main processing of the black couple in the cultivation of it in conditions of light-chestnut soils of the Volgograd region on the experimental field of the Volgograd state University in ESPC «Gornaya Polyana». The experiment considered three methods of basic processing of black steam – ploughing plough PN-4 -35 to a depth of 0.20-0.22 m; chisel loosening of the working bodies of the Ranch to a depth of 0.33-0.35 m and small disk processing BDT -3 to a depth of 0.10-0.12 m. Studies have shown that the highest yield of winter wheat varieties Kamyshanka 3 formed on the version of deep bit loosening of the soil ranch, the lowest – on the version of small disk processing.

Keywords: agriculture, main processing, winter wheat, plowing, chiseling, fine disc tillage

Scientific Agronomy Journal. 2019. 2(105). pp. 31-34

Technology Questions in the Agro-Industrial Complex

E.P. Sukhareva, K.S-Kh.N., – Lower-Volga NIISKh, affiliate of FSC of Agroecology RAS

Abstract. The article presents the data of the research on the cultivation of spring barley varieties Medicum 139 in the dry steppe zone of the Saratov region. The relatively low yield of spring barley in this area is currently due, on the one hand, to the aridity of the climate, low soil fertility, and on the other hand, the lack of development of adaptive technologies for its cultivation, and most importantly, the lack of new drought -, heat-resistant varieties. To obtain consistently high yields in the subzone of dark chestnut soils of the Saratov region, it is necessary to choose the best zoned varieties with appropriate cultivation technologies, namely: soil treatment, optimal precursors, doses of fertilizers, biologically active preparations. Only the use of a new generation of varieties, zoned for the area, and therefore the most adapted to its climatic conditions, will allow to obtain a grain yield of an average of 3.0-4.0 t/ ha. The article shows the economic efficiency of cultivation of spring barley Medicum 139 in the village of Green Dol Engels district of Saratov region in K(f)X Guber D. A. Research on further improvement of barley cultivation technology is currently relevant, and adapted technologies along with new varieties will contribute to an increase in the gross grain harvest of this valuable crop in the Saratov region.

Keywords: spring barley, drought resistant variety, cultivation technology, economic efficiency

Scientific Agronomy Journal. 2019. 2(105). pp. 35-37

In Breeders’ Laboratories

I.N. Markova, K.S-Kh.N. – Lower-Volga NIISKh, Affiliate of FSC of Agroecology RAS, Volgograd

Abstract. For several years studied the productivity and adaptive properties of cultivars of spring wheat in the Lower Volga region on the basis of competitive trials 2014-2018. Varieties were divided into two groups: red 11 samples and belozernaya – 8 samples Saratov, Samara, Ulyanovsk and local selection. Identified the following differences between groups of varieties. Yield a slight excess was observed in belozernoe varieties due to the greater fineness of grain (weight of 1000 grains). Red varieties in our environment were more adaptive. The coefficient of adaptability calculated by L. A. Zhyvotkova have red varieties: 100 Ulyanovsk, Saratov 68 and South-East 2 was 110%, indicating the high potential productivity of these varieties.

Keywords: spring soft wheat, variety, yield, weight of 1000 grains, adaptability

Scientific Agronomy Journal. 2019. 2(105). pp. 38-40

In Breeders’ Laboratories

G.V. Kozubovskaya, junior researcher – Volgograd experimental station, branch of the all-Russian Institute of plant growing named after N.I. Vavilova

Abstract. The article presents the materials of comparative evaluation of the productivity of multi-row naked spring barley, the adaptation coefficient of naked varieties when grown in the dry steppe zone of the Lower Volga region. The nursery is laid on the experimental field of the lower Volga research Institute of agriculture. The soils are light brown, heavy loamy, with saline spots. Hydrothermal coefficient 2016 – 0.82; 2017 – 0.70; 2018 – 0.6. Varieties were studied Coeleste Himalayense from the countries of Tajikistan, Afghanistan, Iran, Mexico, Bolivia and Sudan to identify the most valuable traits needed for breeding varieties more resistant to arid conditions of the dry steppe zone. As a result of the research varieties with high rates of adaptation to growing conditions in this area were identified, which is the basis for recommendations for breeding work with naked varieties of spring barley.

Keywords: spring barley, adaptation coefficient, variety, meteorological conditions

Scientific Agronomy Journal. 2019. 2(105). pp. 40-45

In Breeders’ Laboratories

M.N. Belitskaya, doctor of biology science, I.R. Gribust, K.S-Kh.N. giromuvaldovna@mail.ru – FSC of Agroecology RAS, Volgograd, Russia

Abstract. Construction of environmentally safe plant protection in agroforestry is realized on the basis of selection of a complex of regulated factors. The main components of the use of resourcesaving techniques and tools here are: system of multi-pedigree plantings, optimal area fields, natural phytocenoses, increasing soil fertility, reducing pesticide load through the use of environmentally friendly means. The forest-protected field is characterized by a pronounced differentiation of the spatial distribution of insects and phytopathogens, what should be taken into account when carrying out destructive activities. In arid conditions, the density of a number of economically dangerous pests exceeds the economic threshold of harmfulness (1.5-5 times). Under these conditions, the transition to accurate management of plant protection is promising. Special attention should be paid to: local implementation of protective measures; variation of consumption rates chemical preparation of drugs depending on the type and variety of culture; the rational combination of chemical, biological and natural means, taking into account the phytosanitary condition of agrocenosis.

Keywords: forest plantations, the spatial distribution of pests and fitopathogens, economically dangerous pests, pesticides, environmentally safe plant protection, resourcesaving techniques and tools

Scientific Agronomy Journal. 2019. 2(105). pp. 45-47

Ecology

V.M. Kretinin, D.S-Kh.N., lab-pochva@mail.ru – FSC of Agroecology RAS, Volgograd, Russia

Abstract. In the Russian Federation, the total area of protective forest stands is 2,733 thousand hectares, and by 2025 it is required to create 4,209 thousand hectares. Agroecology in this area is very diverse and insufficiently studied, and its relevance to science and production is undeniable. A research methodology has been developed. Materials were collected in 26 agroforest landscapes of the Russian Federation. References to prominent scientists V.N. Sukacheva, V.A. Kovda, E.N. Mishustin and others. The article presents materials on the study of the ecology of the agroforest landscape: soil formation conditions, productivity of cenoses, accumulation of humus, biophilic elements, CO2 sequestration, formation of anthropogenic groundwater, forest litter, composition and number of zoological fauna. Modern tasks of agroecology of the agroforest landscape are relevant for science, production, soil fertility improvement, environmental protection.

Keywords: agroecology, agroforestamilioration, agroforestlandscape, protective forest plantation, agricultural plants, soil animals

Scientific Agronomy Journal. 2019. 2(105). pp. 48-49

Economics and Management in the Agro-Industrial Complex

A.V. Belikina, research fellow – Lower-Volga NIISKh, affiliate of FSC of Agroecology RAS

Abstract. The Oilseed production has a big place in the national economy and largely determines the food security of the country and its regions, and compared to other types of commodity crop products, is most effective due to the high selling prices of oilseeds and their products due to the growing demand in the consumer market. In the Russian Federation, oilseeds occupy the third place in terms of agricultural production of plant growing after grain and sugar beet, and second place after grain crops in terms of export of crop production. The country has favorable climatic conditions for the cultivation of oilseeds (sunflower, mustard, etc.) and a sufficiently developed material and technical base for their processing. However, imports of oils of tropical origin in the country remain at a high level. The article discusses the reasons for the use and supply to Russia of vegetable oils of imported origin. The degree of preference in the food markets to domestic vegetable oils of imported vegetable oils has been determined.

Keywords: competitive strategy, vegetable oils, productssubstitutes, oils of tropical origin, import, export

Scientific Agronomy Journal. 2020. 3(110). pp. 4-8

Contemporary Research

DOI: 10.34736/FNC.2020.110.3.001.4-8

Anna Voitash¹, junior researcher, Yuliya Berestneva², K.Kh.N., senior researcher, berestnevayuv@mail.ru, Elena Raksha¹, K.Kh.N., senior researcher, Mikhail Savos’kin¹, K.Kh.N., senior researcher

¹ L.M. Litvinenko Institute of Physical Organic and Coal Chemistry, Donetsk, Ukraine

² Federal State Budget Scientific Institution «Federal Scientific Centre of Agroecology, Complex Melioration and Protective Afforestation of the Russian Academy of Sciences» (FSC of Agroecology RAS), e-mail: info@vfanc.ru, 400062, Universitetskiy Prospekt, 97, Volgograd, Russia

² Volgograd State University, Volgograd, Russia

Abstract. The article explores the possibility of thermally expanded graphite (TEG) using as a sorbent for removing insoluble and partially soluble petroleum products from water surface. The sorption capacity of TEG in relation to petroleum and petroleum products (gasoline, kerosene, diesel fuel, engine oil, vacuum oil, benzene and phenol) was determined by the gravimetric method and UV spectroscopy. A comparative sorption capacity analysis of the TEG obtained by us and a number of carbon sorbents described in literature was carried out. It was shown that the sorption capacity of the TEG obtained by us is comparable, and in some cases even exceeds the literature data. The results indicate to the possibility of obtained TEG using for liquidation of emergency spills of petroleum products on the surface of reservoirs, treatment of industrial wastewater and natural water sources, used, inter alia, for irrigation of agricultural grounds.

Keywords: thermally expanded graphite, adsorption, petroleum products, agricultural irrigation, water purification

Scientific Agronomy Journal. 2020. 3(110). pp. 9-16

Contemporary Research

DOI:10.34736/FNC.2020.110.3.002.9-16

K.P. Sinelnikova, junior researcher, Ksushasinelnikova@yandex.ru – Federal State Budget Scientific Institution «Federal Scientific Centre of Agroecology, Complex Melioration and Protective Afforestation of the Russian Academy of Sciences» (FSC of Agroecology RAS), e-mail: info@vfanc.ru, 400062, Universitetskiy Prospekt, 97, Volgograd, Russia

Abstract. The intensification of agricultural production leads to an increase in anthropogenic pressure on agricultural landscapes, which in turn leads to an increase in land degradation, including arable land. Progressive agricultural technologies allow timely identification of degradation foci, taking into account their spatial differentiation, and enable their timely localization. This article introduces the latest data on the studied problem. The use of geoinformation technologies in combination with aerospace information makes it possible to assess the current state of arable land. These technologies provide rapid erosion, deflation, salinization and other types of degradation foci detection that lead to loss of agricultural land fertility. For aerospace analysis of the arable land state, largescale space maps are used, which are created on the high-resolution space images (0.4-1.0 m) basis. As a result of the test site «Nesterkin» analysis, thematic geoinformation cartographic layers of the fields structure, terrain and protective forest stands were compiled. On the basis of arable land carto-graphic spatial analysis, 27 fields have been identified that are protected by forest stands. The minimum area of arable land in the research area is about 16.09 ha, the maximum is 455.73 ha. Five plots are included in the dark chestnut soil contour with a medium-sized humus horizon. Seven plots of arable land with a total area of 1353.66 ha are included in the chestnut soils contour with 25-50% chestnut solonetses with a lowthick humus horizon. The others are located on several soil contours. More than 72% of the arable land area requires anti-erosion measures, since the level of degradation «risk» has been identified in these fields.

Keywords: arable land, Don ridge, soil, degradation, erosion, satellite images

Scientific Agronomy Journal. 2020. 3(110). pp. 17-22

Contemporary Research

DOI: 10.34736/FNC.2020.110.3.003.17-22

S.S. Shinkarenko^1,2, K.S-Kh.N., shinkarenkos@vfanc.ru, A.N. Berdengalieva², N.M. Ivanov² –

¹ Federal State Budget Scientific Institution «Federal Scientific Centre of Agroecology, Complex Melioration and Protective Afforestation of the Russian Academy of Sciences» (FSC of Agroecology RAS), e-mail: info@vfanc.ru, 400062, Universitetskiy Prospekt, 97, Volgograd, Russia

² Volgograd State University, Volgograd, Russia

Abstract. The article researches the spatial, seasonal and long-term patterns of the burnt-out areas dynamics in the Lower Don floodplain. This area is of great nature conser-vation and economic importance. After the construction of the Tsimlyansk hydroelectric complex, the spawning grounds of semi-anadromous and anadromous fish of the Azov Sea basin are concentrated here. The authors use a long-term data archive on the materials of burned-out areas automated identification based on the MODIS spectroradiometer (Terra and Aqua satellites) for 2001-2019, as well as methods of geoinformation processing. On the basis of spatial analysis and overlay operations, the values of the burned-out areas were determined in twelve major floodplain areas in the lower reaches of the Don. It was shown that the total area burned out during the research period exceeded 150 thousand hectares, which is about half of all the flood-plain lands of the Lower Don. The authors found that most of the burned-out areas fall on August and September, and significant areas in the delta are burned in March and April. It is stated that the highest frequency of fires during the research period was 10 seasons, and more than a quarter of the entire territory was covered by fire two or more times. The developed electronic maps can be used to optimize fire prevention measures in the region under study.

Keywords: landscape fires, monitoring, floodplain, Lower Volga, Lower Don, geoinformation technologies, remote sensing

Scientific Agronomy Journal. 2020. 3(110). pp. 23-26

Contemporary Research

DOI: 10.34736/FNC.2020.110.3.004.23-26

V.A. Silova, research fellow, e-mail: viktoriatem@mail.ru – Federal State Budget Scientific Institution «Federal Scientific Centre of Agroecology, Complex Melioration and Protective Afforestation of the Russian Academy of Sciences» (FSC of Agroecology RAS), e-mail: info@vfanc.ru, 400062, Universitetskiy Prospekt, 97, Volgograd, Russia

Abstract. The article deals with the current state of natural and anthropogenic agricultural complexes, caused by intensive use of land and reducing the cost of restoring their fertility, which leads to their degradation. The decrease in field productivity in General encourages producers to take into account the relationship between landscape-ecological and agricultural requirements for nature management, justifies the formation of adaptive landscape principles of agricultural production, which ensures the sustainability of ecosystem development and conservation. The content of the research is the GIS mapping results analysis of agricultural land to developed thematic GIS layers showing the real landscape-ecological situation. The author focuses on determining the erosion processes intensity in agricultural landscapes, in particular, the soil washout intensity depending on the slope length and steepness. The regularities of changes in the characteristics of landscape objects are established, on the basis of which it is possible to make a forecast of their condition. Obtaining spatially defined data on the agricultural land location and its condition ensures the rational use of these lands to obtain guaranteed yields of field crops.

Keywords: agrolandscape, arable land, agricultural land, degradation

Scientific Agronomy Journal. 2020. 3(110). pp. 27-30

In Breeders’ Laboratories

DOI: 10.34736/FNC.2020.110.3.005.27-30

O.A. Nikolskaya, senior researcher, e-mail: info@vfanc.ru, E.N. Kikteva, research fellow, A.V. Solonkin, D.S-Kh.N. – Federal State Budget Scientific Institution «Federal Scientific Centre of Agroecology, Complex Melioration and Protective Afforestation of the Russian Academy of Sciences» (FSC of Agroecology RAS),

e-mail: info@vfanc.ru, 400062, Universitetskiy Prospekt, 97, Volgograd, Russia

Abstract. The article deals with the three-year observations results of the stone crop seedlings survival rate depending on the age of the planting material. The research was carried in the Volgograd region on light chestnut soils. The seedlings of different ages survival rate studying in the garden conditions for scientific justification of the planting material age choice, which gives the highest percentage of plant survival was the aim of this research. Based on the research results, the outcomes of plant survival in the garden are presented. The optimal planting material age, at which recorded the highest percentage of plants that have taken root is determined, as well as data on seedlings development biometric indicators in the garden in the first and second year after planting are provided. Based on the experiment results, it was found that annual seedlings have the highest and most stable survival rate.

Keywords: age, stone crops, planting material, survival rate, garden, seedlings

Scientific Agronomy Journal. 2020. 3(110). pp. 31-36

Technology Questions in the Agro-Industrial Complex

DOI: 10.34736/FNC.2020.110.3.006.31-36

A.M. Belyakov, chief researcher, D. S-Kh.N., dokbam49@mail.ru, M.V. Nazarova, junior researcher – Federal State Budget Scientific Institution «Federal Scientific Centre of Agroecology, Complex Melioration and Protective Afforestation of the Russian Academy of Sciences» (FSC of Agroecology RAS), e-mail: info@vfanc.ru, 400062, Universitetskiy Prospekt, 97, Volgograd, Russia

Abstract. The article presents research and analytical material on the sowing structure role in agriculture. The objects of research were indicators of production activity of individual agricultural enterprises in the Volgograd region and their agricultural landscapes. The sowing structure formation with new cultures began in the 60s of the last century with the introduction of corn, sunflower, Sudan grass, grain and fodder sorghum, later chickpeas, Camelina sativa, and is also associated with the achievements of Soviet breeding. In the late 80’s, a balance was achieved in sowings between winter and spring cultures, between cereals, row and forage cultures. Sowings of perennial grasses reached 5-7 % of the arable land. With the market relations advent in the sowing structure, the percentage of more profitable cultures increased, such as sunflower, whose sowings in the region sharply increased to 800-900 thousand hectares, and winter wheat, which began to occupy up to 70-80% of grain crops. Annual forage cultures and perennial grasses have almost disappeared in the sowings. The article shows the dynamics in production and economic indicators changes depending on agricultural technologies in the current field cultures sowing structure. The negative and positive aspects of different technologies using are noted, as well as changes in soil fertility are analyzed. In conclusion, it is stated that the sowing structure for a number of environmental indicators is a factor in the ecological and economic agricultural landscapes balance formation and the organizing link of agricultural technologies themselves.

Keywords: agriculture, agrotechnology, soil erosion, sowing structure, culture, variety, agricultural landscape, ecology, balance

Scientific Agronomy Journal. 2020. 3(110). pp. 37-42

Ecology

DOI: 10.34736/FNC.2020.110.3.007.37-42

O.A. Gordienko, assistant, PhD student, e-mail: oleg.gordienko.95@bk.ru –

Volgograd State University, Volgograd

Abstract. The article is devoted to the detailed analysis of the field training practice final day in soil science, which is an integral part of the educational process in training specialists of ecologists and nature managers. As a research task, the author has identified an attempt to evaluate a new method of active learning through observation and analysis. In order to cause students’ interest to further soils morphological properties study, the first competition on field soils description was held. The method of Buivolova A.Yu., Prokofieva T.V., Kurbanova F.G. was used. The regulations of the international competition were redesigned and adapted to the curriculum of the first year students-ecologists practice. The students’ work was evaluated according to the 100-point system. Despite the fact that no team was close to the maximum score, in general students were better able to describe the soils morphological properties than in the traditional form of practice. As a result of the competition total analysis, both positive and negative aspects of the new active training method were revealed. Thus, the positive aspects include students’ acquaintance with the new Russian and international soils classifications, as well as the forms of description of the soil profile. The application of international practice of Mansell color scale using allowed to minimize errors in the soil color definition, which in the traditional format of practice were quite common. The largest difficulties for students both in the process of the new training method application and in the traditional format caused the soil structure definition, because in the most of methodical manuals for soil science practices there are no illustrative examples of different soil structures and departments, but only a text description or graphical drawings. In conclusion, the author notes that in such competitions the participants show personal responsibility for the final overall result. The author also suggests the possibility of using non-imitation methods in the educational process. The experience gained in the application of the new teaching method during the field training in soil science will undoubtedly be interesting for pedagogy specialists, who teach natural sciences.

Keywords: Soil Judging Contest, soil sections, Soil morphology, World Reference Base for Soil Resources, soils classification in Russia, teaching methods

Scientific Agronomy Journal. 2020. 4(111). pp. 4-8

Contemporary Research

DOI: 10.34736/FNC.2020.111.4.001.4-8

A.V. Zelenev¹, D.S-Kh.N., Zelenev.A@bk.ru, N.M. Egorov¹, graduate student, P.A. Smutnev², K.S-Kh.N.

¹ Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Volgograd State Agrarian University» (FSBEI НЕ Volgograd SAU), e-mail: volgau@volgau.com, Volgograd, Russia

²Federal State Budget Scientific Institution «Federal Scientific Centre of Agroecology, Complex Melioration and Protective Afforestation of the Russian Academy of Sciences» (FSC of Agroecology RAS),

e-mail: info@vfanc.ru, 400062, Universitetskiy Prospekt, 97, Volgograd, Russia

Abstract. In the chestnut soils dry-steppe zone arid conditions of the Lower Volga region, the undoubted scientific interest in the soil protective main soil treatment and adaptive zoned varieties of various selection winter wheat, insufficient information about their impact on the soil structural and aggregate composition and the yield of this crop make the chosen research topic relevant. The purpose of the research was to carry out the basic tillage methods comparative assessment for pure fallow and winter wheat varieties of various selections, which allow increasing this crop grain production in the region. The soil on the experimental site is chestnut, heavy loamy, with a content of 2.12% humus in the upper humus-accumulative 0-0.24 m soil layer. For the 2019-2020 agricultural year, 274 mm of precipitation fell. The two-factor experiment scheme included three basic tillage methods (factor A): plowing to the usual depth of 0.2-0.22 m (control), deep chiseling to 0.3-0.32 m and shallow disking to a depth of 0.12-0.14 m, as well as three varieties of winter wheat (factor B): Ermak (St), Kamyshanka 6 and Lilith. The winter wheat cultivation agrotechnics were generally accepted for the research area, except the studied methods of basic tillage and varieties. The winter wheat predecessor was pure fallow. The most agronomically favorable lumpy-grainy soil macrostructure with the lumps size from 0.25 to 10 mm in the arable soil layer was provided for harvesting winter wheat when deep chisel main tillage was carried out with the varieties Kamyshanka 6 and Lilith under clean fallow, respectively 76.3 and 77.5%, the structural coefficient in these variants was 3.22 and 3.44. The highest winter wheat yield was provided in the varieties of Volgograd selection Kamyshanka 6 and Rostov selection Lilith against the deep chisel tillage background, respectively, 4.06 and 4.17 t/ha.

Keywords: basic tillage, varieties, structural and aggregate composition, yield, winter wheat, chestnut soil

Scientific Agronomy Journal. 2020. 4(111). pp. 9-13

Contemporary Research

DOI: 10.34736/FNC.2020.111.4.002.9-13

1. K. Vereshchagin¹, graduate student, Vereshagin-e@vfanc.ru, S.G. Milovanov², research fellow –

¹Federal State Budget Scientific Institution «Federal Scientific Centre of Agroecology, Complex Melioration and Protective Afforestation of the Russian Academy of Sciences» (FSC of Agroecology RAS),

e-mail: info@vfanc.ru, 400062, Universitetskiy Prospekt, 97, Volgograd, Russia

²Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Volgograd State Agrarian University» (FSBEI НЕ Volgograd SAU), Volgograd, Russia

Abstract. Sweet pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) is a valuable vegetable crop, in the conditions of the Volgograd region, it can be grown by seedling in the open ground. The high yields obtaining is possible only with irrigation, which the most ergonomic way is intra soil irrigation (ISI). The feasibility of ISI using and its regime for growing pepper was established when implementing the hypothesis that the planned crop yield (70 kg/ha) depends not only on the amount of water used for irrigation but also on the evenness of its flow into the rhizosphere. The article presents the two-factor experiment results on the ISI regime influence on the sweet pepper yield. Three variants of before irrigation soil moisture: 75- 65% of the least moisture capacity (LMC), 85-75% of LMC, 85% of LMC were tested. In each case, the distance between the ISI humidifiers (1.2 m, 1.4 m, 1.6 m) was an additional factor. It was estimated that the total water consumption has a medium effect (R = 0.52, R2 = 0.28). The planned yield of 70 t/ha can be achieved in the range of total water consumption in 5500-5900 m3 on ha. Getting more yields than planned is possible when the soil moisture content before irrigation is maintained at the level of 85% of LMC and 85–75% of LMC and the distance between the humidifiers is 1.2 and 1.4 m.

Keywords: irrigation, intra soil watering, sweet pepper, humidifiers, yield

Scientific Agronomy Journal. 2020. 4(111). pp. 14-18

Contemporary Research

DOI: 10.34736/FNC.2020.111.4.003.14-18

Ya. Blum, postgraduate student, cheizer9@yandex.ru – Federal State Budget Scientific Institution «Federal Scientific Centre of Agroecology, Complex Melioration and Protective Afforestation of the Russian Academy of Sciences» (FSC of Agroecology RAS), e-mail: info@vfanc.ru, 400062, Universitetskiy Prospekt 97, Volgograd, Russia

Abstract. The introduced woody plants have been successfully used for many years to create protective plantings of various categories including the South of Russia arid zone, the climatic features of which make specific requirements for the tree species selection for landscaping urban areas. Plants of the genus complex Robinia, the natural area of which is confined to similar natural and climatic conditions in the arid zones of North America, are widespread in the protective plantations of the Lower Volga region. In recent years, the specific Robinia phyllophages invasions have been increasingly recorded in Russia, among which the most aggressive is the Obolodiplosis robiniae. In this regard, this research purpose was to study the features of the Robinia quantitative abundance in biotopes with different ecological conditions. The research was carried out during the 2020 field season in protective plantations of various types and categories. According to the research results, it was found that the Robinia quantitative abundance is influenced by a complex of factors – crown density, air humidity, and also the technogenic press level.

Keywords: protective plantations, invasions, phyllophages, Obolodiplosis robiniae, Robiniasp

Scientific Agronomy Journal. 2020. 4(111). pp. 19-22

Contemporary Research

DOI: 10.34736/FNC.2020.111.4.004.19-22

A.S. Mezhevova¹, research fellow, asmezhevova@mail.ru, Yu. V. Berestneva¹, K.Kh.N., senior researcher, I.A. Korzhenko², senior lecturer – ¹Federal State Budget Scientific Institution «Federal Scientific Centre of Agroecology, Complex Melioration and Protective Afforestation of the Russian Academy of Sciences» (FSC of Agroecology RAS), e-mail: info@vfanc.ru, 400062, Universitetskiy Prospekt 97, Volgograd, Russia;

²Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Volgograd State Agrarian University» (FSBEI НЕ Volgograd SAU), Volgograd, Russia

Abstract. The article is devoted to the issues of sewage sludge utilization and application in agriculture. The effect of processed sewage sludge used in field studies as a fertilizer-meliorant on the nutrients and organic matter content in the soil, as well as on the yield of safflower dye has been studied in this paper. According to the research results, sewage sludge contains the main elements of nutrition: nitrogen (3.3%), phosphorus (4.27%), potassium (0.31%) and an increased content of organic matter (32%). The received sewage sludge fully meets the requirements of State Standard R 54651-2011 and can be used as a fertilizer for the cultivation of agricultural crops. The data from the soil samples analysis show that the sewage sludge into the soil at doses of 5 and 10 t / ha introduction increased the organic matter content to 2.28 and 2.94%, as well as ammonium and ammonia nitrogen, mobile phosphorus and exchange potassium. The research results showed that for obtaining the high yields it is expedient to use an organic fertilizer-meliorant sewage sludge in the dose of 10 t/ha and chisel tillage tool OCHO-5-40 with the working body “Rancho” to a depth of 0.37-0.40 m with a soil layer turnover of 0.12-0.15 m.

Keywords: sewage sludge, organic matter, food elements, safflower, yield

Scientific Agronomy Journal. 2020. 4(111). pp. 23-28

Contemporary Research

DOI: 10.34736/FNC.2020.111.4.005.23-28

V.G. Yuferev, D.S-Kh.N., vyuferev1@rambler.ru, N.А. Tkachenko, К.S-Kh.N, researcher – laboratory of geoinformation modeling and cartography of agroforest landscapes – Federal State Budget Scientific Institution «Federal Scientific Centre of Agroecology, Complex Melioration and Protective Afforestation of the Russian Academy of Sciences» (FSC of Agroecology RAS), e-mail: info@vfanc.ru, 400062, Universitetskiy Prospekt 97, Volgograd, Russia

Abstract. Mapping and modeling of agricultural landscapes located in transitional natural zones, one of which is the territory of Maly Syrt, located on the Saratov and Volgograd regions border, is a modern tool for studying the of the natural and territorial complexes functioning conditions features, identifying patterns of changes in their state and determining the spatial location of zones of trouble. Satellite images are a contemporary source of information for forming a spatial database on the agricultural land current state. They are provided mainly in digital form, representing a class of raster digital images – in a certain sense, models, and spatially defined. Such images, when analyzed in specialized computer programs, allow to obtain a large amount of data about the studied territory. The developed mathematical and cartographic models provide the necessary information for determining both the existing characteristics of agricultural landscapes and predicting their changes in the future. The geoinformation systems development relevance for identifying and forecasting the agricultural landscapes state is due to the need to provide the agro-industrial complex with up-to-date spatial information and spatial models that make it possible to solve scientific and applied problems related to inventory, analysis, modeling, forecasting and management of the land resources agricultural use territorial organization.

Keywords: mapping, modeling, agricultural landscape, geoinformation system, regularities, forecast

Scientific Agronomy Journal. 2020. 4(111). pp. 29-34

Contemporary Research

DOI: 10.34736/FNC.2020.111.4.006.29-34

N.M. Ivanov¹, master student, vip.nikita.199@mail.ru, S.S. Shinkarenko^1,2, К.S-Kh.N., shinkarenkos@vfanc.ru, N.O.K. Zarbalieva¹, docent, zarbalieva@volsu.ru –

¹Volgograd State University, Volgograd, Russia;

²Federal State Budget Scientific Institution «Federal Scientific Centre of Agroecology, Complex Melioration and Protective Afforestation of the Russian Academy of Sciences» (FSC of Agroecology RAS), e-mail: info@vfanc.ru, 400062, Universitetskiy Prospekt 97, Volgograd, Russia

Abstract. The article presents the spatio-temporal patterns of the burnt areas dynamics on the Volga delta hilly landscapes. The Baer hillocks are a unique natural object that needs an increase in the number of firefighting measures. On the archival data on the automatic fire detection results and expert decoding of Landsat and Sentinel satellite images basis, the authors identified the fires for 2001-2019. The authors determined the burnt areas values and their distribution during the entire study period patterns on the basis of spatial analysis. A total of 11,613 burnt areas were identified with a total area of about 1 million hectares, excluding recurrence. The total burned-out area exceeded 350 thousand hectares. The most fire hazardous months in the studied landscapes are March and April, which account for 70% of all burned-out areas and 85% of the fires number. The obtained results can be used to optimize fire prevention measures in the study area.

Keywords: landscape fires, Baer hillocks, geoinformation technologies, remote sensing

Scientific Agronomy Journal. 2020. 4(111). pp. 35-42

Contemporary Research

DOI: 10.34736/FNC.2020.111.4.007.35-42

A.V. Koshelev, K.S-Kh.N., leading researcher – head of the laboratory, alexkosh@mail.ru, A.A. Tubalov, K.S-Kh.N., senior researcher – Federal State Budget Scientific Institution «Federal Scientific Centre of Agroecology, Complex Melioration and Protective Afforestation of the Russian Academy of Sciences» (FSC of Agroecology RAS), e-mail: info@vfanc.ru, 400062, Universitetskiy Prospekt 97, Volgograd, Russia

Abstract. The article is devoted to the actual problem of reducing the arable land productivity in the agricultural production intensification conditions. Agrochemical survey of fields is an important element of the soil fertility monitoring system in both rainfed and irrigated agricultural landscapes. The latest contemporary methods advantage was revealed, using which a soil fertility elements comprehensive analysis of the irrigated area of the farm was carried out on the land use by LLS «Rusproduct-Zavolzhye» example in the Sredneakhtubinskij district of the Volgograd region, located in the light chestnut soils subzone. The research novelty lies in the integration of the satellite images cameral deciphering, their field standardization with the soil sampling points coordinate referencing, laboratory analysis and following geoinformation mapping. According to the soil samples analysis results, it was established that the soils of medium loamy granulometric composition, with a low humus content and low in nitrogen are prevailed in the farm. Fields with increased availability of mobile phosphorus make up 67.8%, with average availability – 26.5%, with high – 5.7%. Soils with an exchangeable potassium high availability make up 84.8%, with a very high availability – 10.7%, with an increased availability – 4.5%. Despite the drip irrigation use, land-use soils are mostly non-saline, with a dense residue (content of water-soluble salts) varying from 0.8 to 0.12%. The water extract pH value varies from 7.35 to 8.87, which corresponds to a slightly alkaline and alkaline reaction. The sulfur content analysis showed that the fields with low availability are 82.2%, with an average – 17.8%. The compiled agrochemical cartograms made it possible to determine the studied lands fertility level more effectively and clearly.

Keywords: light chestnut soils, humus, particle size distribution, soil nutrients, agrochemical cartograms, fertility, irrigated lands, Volgograd Trans-Volga region

Scientific Agronomy Journal. 2020. 4(111). pp. 43-48

Contemporary Research

DOI: 10.34736/FNC.2020.111.4.008.43-48

S.S. Shinkarenko^1,2, researcher, K.S-Kh.N., A.N. Berdengalieva^1,2, research laboratory assistant – ¹Federal State Budget Scientific Institution «Federal Scientific Centre of Agroecology, Complex Melioration and Protective Afforestation of the Russian Academy of Sciences» (FSC of Agroecology RAS), e-mail: info@vfanc.ru, 400062, Universitetskiy Prospekt 97, Volgograd, Russia;

 ²Volgograd State University, Volgograd, Russia

Abstract. The paper presents a method of burned-out areas of non-forest landscapes visual expert de-encryption based on satellite observation data in the river floodplains conditions. The authors carried out a comparative analysis for monitoring the landscapes fire regime methods using the example of the Volga-Akhtuba floodplain. In the work, information products FIRMS for detecting active combustion and MCD64A1 and FireCCI51 for burnt areas have been used. The automated algorithms accuracy assessed based on the burned-out areas identified by high-resolution satellite images from Landsat and Sentinel 2. The analysis revealed that services that have global coverage lose the burned-out areas boundaries accuracy for some types of landscapes at the regional level. Due to the floodplain landscapes geomorphological features, fires here are small in size, elongated, and short in duration. Due to this, visual methods turn out to be more reliable in identifying burned-out areas than automated ones, which can be used for additional verification during expert de-encryption. The paper gives recommendations for the visual interpretation of burnt-out areas in the river floodplains conditions.

Keywords: landscape fires, monitoring, floodplain, geoinformation technologies, remote sensing

Scientific Agronomy Journal. 2020. 4(111). pp. 49-54

In Breeders’ Laboratories

DOI: 10.34736/FNC.2020.111.4.009.49-54

D.A. Agapova, junior researcher, e-mail: kurkina-d@vfanc.ru R.Yu. Ivaschenko, junior researcher, I.V. Yunakova, junior researcher, A.A. Zheltova, K.M.N., principal researcher; V.G. Zaitsev, K.B.N., principal researcher – Molecular Breeding Laboratory – Federal State Budget Scientific Institution «Federal Scientific Centre of Agroecology, Complex Melioration and Protective Afforestation of the Russian Academy of Sciences» (FSC of Agroecology RAS), e-mail: info@vfanc.ru, 400062, Universitetskiy Prospekt 97, Volgograd, Russia

Abstract. The cereals grain proteins qualitative and quantitative composition determines the quality and nutritional value of grain, as well as the flour obtained from it for humans. The protein profiles highlighting method should be accurate and at the same time as accessible and fast as possible, for this purpose, the construction of electrophoretic profiles is widely used. On the other hand, protein pattern differences could be used for variety identification and search for their associations with important for breeding phenotypic attributes. A first stage to search protein candidates for use as protein markers is polymorphic proteins detection, which have high variability value between varieties. The purpose of current work is protein patterns difference analysis of durum wheat and spelt varieties grown in the conditions of spring drought by electrophoresis. In 7 varieties of durum wheat, 17 proteins were identified, the content of which differed most significantly between varieties. Protein profiling using two prolamins with molecular weights of 100 and 60 kD allowed us to divide 7 studied varieties into 4 groups. 8 proteins were identified in spelt, the content of which differs greatly between varieties. Moreover, two polypeptides were found in the globulin fraction, which are present in all studied spelt varieties and absent in all durum wheat varieties. Therefore, the obtained results can be used in the further protein markers search of economically valuable properties and durum wheat and spelt varieties identity.

Keywords: cereals, durum wheat, spelt, protein polymorphism, SDS-PAGE, reserve proteins

Scientific Agronomy Journal. 2020. 4(111). pp. 55-58

In Breeders’ Laboratories

DOI: 10.34736/FNC.2020.111.4.010.55-58

E.N. Kikteva, researcher, O.A. Nikolskaya, senior researcher, A.V. Solonkin, D.S-Kh.N. – Federal State Budget Scientific Institution «Federal Scientific Centre of Agroecology, Complex Melioration and Protective Afforestation of the Russian Academy of Sciences» (FSC of agroecology RAS), e-mail: info@vfanc.ru, 400062, Universitetskiy Prospekt 97, Volgograd, Russia

Abstract. The intensive gardens type creation is closely related to the clonal rootstocks use, which contribute to accelerated fruiting, increased productivity due to a denser planting scheme, as well as the planting maintenance convenience. The clonal rootstocks use to produce high-quality planting material for laying intensive gardens is a priority area of horticulture. In this regard, the identification of the method of clonal rootstocks accelerated reproduction by cuttings remains one of the contemporary nursery breeding main tasks. The article presents the comparative study of the cuttings of stone crops clonal rootstocks survival rate data for 2018-2019, depending on the rooting method, as well as the rooted rootstocks survival rate after transplantation into the first field of the nursery. According to the obtained in the course of research experience results, it was found that rooting when using a mist-forming device is higher than rooting with lignified cuttings, but at the same time the rooting with lignified cuttings method is more simple, convenient and cheap. According to the data obtained after planting the rootstocks in the first field of the nursery, it was found that plants rooted with lignified cuttings took root and developed better than plants rooted with green cuttings.

Keywords: clonal rootstocks, rooting, fog-forming plant, green cuttings, lignified cuttings

Scientific Agronomy Journal. 2020. 4(111). pp. 59-63

In Breeders’ Laboratories

DOI: 10.34736/FNC.2020.111.4.011.59-63

S. Popova, junior researcher, e-mail: popova-a@vfanc.ru, A.O. Staruhina, junior researcher, V.G. Zaitsev, K.B.N., principal researcher – Molecular Breeding Laboratory – Federal State Budget Scientific Institution «Federal Scientific Centre of Agroecology, Complex Melioration and Protective Afforestation of the Russian Academy of Sciences» (FSC of agroecology RAS), e-mail: info@vfanc.ru, 400062, Universitetskiy Prospekt 97, Volgograd, Russia

Abstract. Sesquiterpene lactones are one group of substances observed in seeding lettuce (Lactuca sativa) are add a bitter taste. Lettuce breeding was aimed in particular to decrease sesquiterpene lactone content in new varieties in previous years. Recently, beneficial pharmacological activities of these substances were found. The purpose of this mini-review was analysis of current knowledge about lettuce sesquiterpene lactone biological activities and lettuce breeding perspectives. Lactucin, lactucopicrin and 8-deoxylactucin are main lactoines in seeding lettuce. Their exact biosynthesis mechanism in lettuce is not clear, only the stages of precursor compounds synthesis were established. Lactucin and similar lactones have multiple pharmacological activities including antitumor, antiinflammatory, analgetic, sedative and antiparasitic effects. The use of the sesquiterpene lactones quantitative content as biochemical markers has certain significant disadvantages. Possible approaches to the development of a new generation of molecular markers suitable for use in breeding are considered.

Keywords: lettuce, sesquiterpene lactones, lactucin, lactucopicrin, breeding, biologically active substances

Scientific Agronomy Journal. 2020. 4(111). pp. 64-70

Technology Questions in the Agro-Industrial Complex

DOI: 10.34736/FNC.2020.111.4.012.64-70

A.V. Solonkin, D.S-Kh.N., V.L. Sapunkov, K.S-Kh.N., senior researcher, A.V. Guzenko, junior researcher, guzenko-av@vfanc.ru – Federal State Budget Scientific Institution «Federal Scientific Centre of Agroecology, Complex Melioration and Protective Afforestation of the Russian Academy of Sciences» (FSC of agroecology RAS), e-mail: info@vfanc.ru, 400062, Universitetskiy Prospekt 97, Volgograd, Russia

Abstract. The winter soft wheat varieties test materials on light chestnut soils of the Volgograd region are presented. The study purpose is to assess the productive and adaptive potential of new promising varieties of winter wheat from various breeding centers. Field experience has been laid at the experimental site of the FSC of agroecology RAS in a nursery located in the dry-steppe zone. The research was carried out according to the generally accepted methods of B. A. Dospekhov. The difference in autumn tillering and intensity of tillering depending on the variety was revealed. Varieties Kamyshanka 3, DF-58-03, Kamyshanka 6, Etud, Doneco and Don Byliny have a high tillering coefficient in the autumn growing season, which indicates the seeding these varieties possibility at a later time of sowing. It is established that intensive tillering in the autumn period does not always contribute to the productive stems preservation. The varieties that have the potential to generate high yields at the expense of a smaller number of productive stems with a larger spike mass are identified: Zhavoronok, Don steppe, Krasa Dona, Victoria 11, Kamyshanka 4, Etud, Stavka, Volodya, Zorro.

Keywords: winter wheat, germination, yield, stress, winter hardiness, humidity

Scientific Agronomy Journal. 2020. 1(108). pp. 4-9

Contemporary Research

DOI: 10.34736/FNC.2020.108.1.001.4-9

S.S. Shinkarenko^1,2, K.S-Kh.N., shinkarenkos@vfanc.ru, A.N. Berdengalieva²

¹ Federal State Budget Scientific Institution «Federal Scientific Centre of Agroecology, Complex Melioration and Protective Afforestation of the Russian Academy of Sciences» (FSC of Agroecology RAS),

e-mail: nfo@vfanc.ru, 400062, Universitetskiy Prospekt, 97, Volgograd, Russia

² Volgograd State University, Volgograd, Russia

Abstract. The article explores the possibilities of analyzing the fire regime of landscapes based on information products based on automated methods for processing Earth remote sensing data from space with a MODIS spectroradiometer (Terra and Aqua satellites). The authors use the data of the active burning sites FIRMS (The Fire Information for Resource Management System) and the burnedout areas MCD64A1 to determine the features of the spread of fire fires in the Volgograd region. The study is based on a geoinformation analysis of a longterm archive (2001-2018) of active burning centers (thermal points) and burned-out areas, including the calculation of thermal points in cells of a regular grid of 10 × 10 km, followed by interpolation using the nearest neighbor method. The possibilities of using data on burned-out areas for the analysis of the fire regime of natural and agricultural landscapes are shown. The article notes that the number of foci of burning in 2010- 2018. it almost halved compared to the period 2001- 2009, the decrease was mainly due to summer fires on agricultural land. The authors identified errors in the detection of burns by automated algorithms, which consist not only of skipping burned areas, but also of mistakenly identifying unburned areas as burnt. As a result, the article states that visual decryption remains the most reliable way of identifying burns, while using MODIS data is justified for additional verification.

Keywords: agrarian landscape, landscape fires, monitoring, Volgograd region, geoinformation technologies, the Earth remote sensing

Scientific Agronomy Journal. 2020. 1(108). pp. 10-14

Contemporary Research

DOI: 10.34736/FNC.2020.108.1.002.10-14

E.V. Denisova, candidate of geographical Sciences, denisova-e@vfanc.ru – Federal State Budget Scientific Institution «Federal Scientific Centre of Agroecology, Complex Melioration and Protective Afforestation of the Russian Academy of Sciences» (FSC of Agroecology RAS), e-mail: nfo@vfanc.ru, 400062, Universitetskiy Prospekt, 97, Volgograd, Russia

Abstract. Land is one of the main elements of national wealth for society, and its rational use significantly affects the development and formation of the country ‘s economy. Irrational use of land is the main problem of the modern state, which directly affects all aspects of economic development. The article deals with the study of land resources, their qualitative and quantitative characteristics, as well as the nature of modern and prospective use of land that will provide the most appropriate and cost- effective use of land in the process of production activities, and at the same time, ensure environmental protection. The study of irrigated and rain-fed arable land plots was conducted within two cadastral blocks 34: 26: 030101 and 34:26:030102 on the basis of geo- information analysis, which made it possible to create a space photo map of the actual use of these lands, as well as to identify violations in the field of land legislation. A management and rational use of land (land resources) can be performed within the framework of land inventory, which is impossible without the use of modern techniques and technologies.

Keywords: geoinformation systems, degradation, land resources, inventory, arable land

Scientific Agronomy Journal. 2020. 1(108). pp. 15-21

Contemporary Research

DOI: 10.34736/FNC.2020.108.1.003.15-21

V.G. Yuferev, D.S-Kh.N., yuferevv@vfanc.ru, director of laboratory; N.A. Tkachenko, K.S-Kh.N., laboratory of geoinformation modeling and cartography of agroforest landscapes – Federal State Budget Scientific Institution «Federal Scientific Centre of Agroecology, Complex Melioration and Protective Afforestation of the Russian Academy of Sciences» (FSC of Agroecology RAS), e-mail: nfo@vfanc.ru, 400062, Universitetskiy Prospekt, 97, Volgograd, Russia

Abstract. Annotation. Under natural and anthropogenic influence, landscapes are transformed. In semi-desert climatic conditions, the processes of land degradation and desertification arise and develop as a result of the transformation. A relevance of research is due to a presence of the processes of degradationon within a large area of land. The method of geoinformation analysis of spatial data based on aerospace surveys was used to identify the areas of landscape degradation. We also used methods of geographic statistical assessment of landscape characteristics and determination a correlation of these characteristics with natural and anthropogenic factors. The novelty lies in the fact that a combined database consisting of cartographic thematic layers and attributes is created for the geoinformation assessment of landscape degradation. The integrated use of this data makes it possible to analyze the digital spatial data that reflects the current state, as well as the attribute information about objects reflected on these maps. The space survey data has clear advantages in terms of regularity, repeatability, territory coverage, and economic efficiency. The images are decrypted using computer methods and programs that provide both visual and automated recognition of objects in the image. The object of the study was the «Kharabali» polygon (Astrakhan region, Kharabali district) with a complex environmental situation, configuration and terrain. The applied geoinfomational methods of analysis helped to determine geomorphological, soil characteristics and spatial distribution of the degraded areas by levels: norm, risk, crisis and disaster with the utmost accuracy.

Keywords: degradation centers, desertification, soil, vegetation, satellite images, satellite map

Scientific Agronomy Journal. 2020. 1(108). pp. 22-25

Contemporary Research

DOI: 10.34736/FNC.2020.108.1.004.22-25

T. Barabanov, D.S-Kh.N, barabanov-a@vfanc.ru, laboratory of soil protection against erosion –

Federal Scientific Center of Agroecology, Complex Melioration and Protective Afforestation of the Russian Academy of Sciences (FSC of Agroecology RAS), e-mail: nfo@vfanc.ru, 400062, Universitetskiy Prospekt, 97, Volgograd, Russia

Abstract. With regard to anti-erosion reclamation, the methodological basis of research is described, and different approaches are considered to account the methods of melt water runoff and soil flushing on slopes. Very diverse agroecological and soil-erosion conditions have historically developed there. For these conditions, the classical method of field experience could not be applied because of the requirements for selecting objects on flat areas with the same soil cover at a distance from forest strips and other forest plantations. An experimental evaluation of methods for soil flushing accounting has shown that the method of water pothole measuring gives inflated results. More accurate results are obtained by the method of determining the turbidity of solid runoff, although it gives understated indicators of soil flushing in some cases. The analysis of all materials indicates the reasonability of parallel using these two methods for determining the flushing and the need to improve the methods of flushing accounting.

Keywords: soil flushing, anti-erosion reclamation, water-balance method, methods for soil flushing determining, anti-erosion complex, erosion-hydrological process

Scientific Agronomy Journal. 2020. 1(108). pp. 26-30

In Breeders’ Laboratories

DOI: 10.34736/FNC.2020.108.1.005.26-30

L.V. Igolnikova, K.S-Kh.N, senior researcher, Igolnikova.lyubov@yandex.ru, A.A. Pitonya, K.S-Kh.N, leading researcher – Federal State Budget Scientific Institution «Federal Scientific Centre of Agroecology, Complex Melioration and Protective Afforestation of the Russian Academy of Sciences» (FSC of Agroecology RAS), e-mail: nfo@vfanc.ru, 400062, Universitetskiy Prospekt, 97, Volgograd, Russia

Abstract. The role of varieties during the production of winter wheat grain is shown in the article based on the analysis. Among various agricultural practices, they account for 20-25% of crop growth [4]. The study was conducted through consideration of issues related to winter wheat, such as the impact of extreme weather conditions and their consequences (severe winters, droughts, Puccini recondita epiphytosis, and other diseases) on the creation of resistant varieties and the use of hybridization methods. The article draws attention to the fact that the breeding of winter wheat has been carried out since 1993 in the Kamyshin district under conditions of the development and production of the Laboratory of field crops of the NVNIISKH that is a branch of the Federal Scientific Centre of Agroecology of RAS. The article describes the conditions of winter wheat cultivation, which are very difficult in this zone: poor chestnut soils, heavy loam, with stony inclusions with a small humus content of 1.0-1.2%, short spring, hot summer (sometimes the air temperature rises to +40-43 ° C), arid early autumn and severe winter. All this creates great difficulties in case of selection of the winter wheat, so the creation of a variety that is resistant to all stress factors of the external environment is of particular importance here. For recent years, Kamyshin breeders have been able to produce a number of varieties, seven of which are included into the State register of breeding achievements approved for use in the 8th region of the Russian Federation, despite all the adverse conditions during creating the varieties. The last 2 varieties «Elanskaya» and «Memory of Pozhilova» entered in the register in 2020. The tables show the economic and biological properties of the varieties. The advantage of the «Elanskaya» variety in comparison with the best zoned «Don 93» variety is revealed in the following indicators: a greater amount of gluten and protein in the grain, a responsiveness to a high agronomic background, the purpose of the variety in terms of product use is baking. The «Memory of Pozhilova» variety is characterized by a better winter, drought and heat resistance, a relative stability of crops over the years and a tolerance to late sowing periods. In conclusion, it is stated that two promising varieties of winter wheat e.g. «Elanskaya» and «Memory of Pozhilova» were created for the drysteppe and black-earth zones of the Volgograd region as a result of breeding work, and also it is briefly stated that breeders are working not only to increase yields, but also to achieve stability of winter wheat yields.

Keywords: winter wheat, variety, productivity, growing season, quality of grain, winter re-sistance, heat resistance

Scientific Agronomy Journal. 2020. 1(108). pp. 31-34

In Breeders’ Laboratories

DOI: 10.34736/FNC.2020.108.1.006.31-34

M. Belyakov, dokbam49@mail.ru, D.S-Kh.N, top research fellow, research laboratory of agrarian-ecological landscapes and adaptive farming systems – Federal State Budget Scientific Institution «Federal Scientific Centre of Agroecology, Complex Melioration and Protective Afforestation of the Russian Academy of Sciences» (FSC of Agroecology RAS), e-mail: nfo@vfanc.ru, 400062, Universitetskiy Prospekt, 97, Volgograd, Russia

Abstract. The article presents the role, significance and influence of a variety (hybrid) on the level of crop productivity, including the economy of both an individual agricultural enterprise and the industry as a whole, which suggests the need and importance of a regional variety testing system. The analysis of winter wheat and other grain crops variety testing results by the level of their productivity, frost resistance, and drought tolerance is carried out according to the longterm data of the Volgograd regional variety testing station and its constituent sections. The choice and recommendations are offered for the use of certain varieties of grain crops in accordance with the soil and climate characteristics of the Volgograd region. The article describes the mechanism of passing the process of variety testing in Russia and its regions, and the reasons for making a decision to zoning a variety (hybrid). It describes the initiative measures for conducting a variety testing by scientific institutions, private commercial companies and individual agricultural enterprises. There are identified the problems of lagging between the Russian selection and its foreign analogues, the reason for its stagnation, the state, prospects and the need to correct the situation.

Keywords: selection, varieties, hybrids, variety testing, register, yield, winter hardiness, selection centers, crops

Scientific Agronomy Journal. 2020. 1(108). pp. 35-38

In Breeders’ Laboratories

DOI: 10.34736/FNC.2020.108.1.007.35-38

M. Kuleshov, K.S-Kh.N, leading researcher, Alex.djuna@yandex.ru department of selection, seed production and nursery management of the experimental production laboratory of field cultures – Federal State Budget Scientific Institution «Federal Scientific Centre of Agroecology, Complex Melioration and Protective Afforestation of the Russian Academy of Sciences» (FSC of Agroecology RAS), e-mail: nfo@vfanc.ru, 400062, Universitetskiy Prospekt, 97, Volgograd, Russia

Abstract. There are presented the results of observations of competitive testing of Carthamus tinctorius varieties of the Kamyshinsky selection of “NV NIISKH” in arid conditions of the Volgograd region on typical chestnut soils. There are listed the conditions of moisture supply and their influence on the value of crop formation for the period of 2001- 2019. There is shown the connection between the average daily temperature of the air of the growing period, the amount of rainfall and their distribution among the most important development phenophases of Carthamus tinctorius plants with the varieties yield productivity. The arising weather anomalies adversely affect the yield of most crops in the zone of risky agriculture in the conditions of global changes in the agro-climatic component, including the productivity of oilseeds, such as sunflower, mustard, rapeseed, and others. And it will play an important role the introduction of drought-resistant varieties of oil culture of Carthamus tinctorius, bred and selected by the “NV NIISKH” because of giving stable yields.

Keywords: Carthamus tinctorius, varieties, water supply conditions, growing period

Scientific Agronomy Journal. 2020. 1(108). pp. 39-41

In Breeders’ Laboratories

DOI: 10.34736/FNC.2020.108.1.008.39-41

A.A. Pitonya, K.S-Kh.N., V.N. Pitonya, senior researcher, E.P. Sukhareva, K.S-Kh.N. – Federal State Budget Scientific Institution «Federal Scientific Centre of Agroecology, Complex Melioration and Protective Afforestation of the Russian Academy of Sciences» (FSC of Agroecology RAS), e-mail: nfo@vfanc.ru, 400062, Universitetskiy Prospekt, 97, Volgograd, Russia

Abstract. The article gives a characteristic of a new high-yielding variety of winter soft wheat “Pamyati Poxhilova”. The variety was studied in a competitive variety testing and passed a wide production check in the farms of the region. Economic and valuable indicators of the “Pamyati Pozhilova” variety are listed under different nutrition regimes. As for the fertilized background, the increase in the control grain yield was 0.9 t / ha (23.3%), which indicates the responsiveness of the variety to nitrogen fertilizing. The yield was 4.3 t / ha, and the increase in control was 48.3% on a fertilized background with late shoots and wintering in the single -leaf phase. Even in acutely arid years, the yield of winter wheat of the “Pamyati Pozhilova” variety does not fall below 3 t/ha. There were noted an increased heat and drought resistance of the variety, winter hardiness and especially increased resistance to spring and autumn frosts. A high rating is given for the resistance of the variety to grain germination in rolls that have lain in a moistened state for a week.

Keywords: variety, production check, yield, resistance of the variety

Scientific Agronomy Journal. 2020. 1(108). pp. 42-48

Protection of Plants

DOI: 10.34736/FNC.2020.108.1.009.42-48

L.V. Igolnikova, K.S-Kh.N., senior researcher, Igolnikova.lyubov@yandex.ru – Federal State Budget Scientific Institution «Federal Scientific Centre of Agroecology, Complex Melioration and Protective Afforestation of the Russian Academy of Sciences» (FSC of Agroecology RAS), e-mail: nfo@vfanc.ru, 400062, Universitetskiy Prospekt, 97, Volgograd, Russia

Abstract. The article deals with real problems related to quality indicators in crop production. There are presented the results of production experiments in “Kamyshinskoe OPKH” LLC related to Kamyshinskiy district of the Volgograd region with the use of biotechnologies for a winter wheat growing in a dry zone. The article describes biotechnologies for growing a winter soft wheat, including presowing seed treatment, autumn crop treatment and treatment of plants in the growing season with seven types of microbiological preparations together with fertilizers and growth regulators according to their development phases. As a result of using this technology, the plants increase their productivity, they are more resistant to diseases, pests and adverse weather conditions. Seeds obtained from these fields have high sowing qualities. There are given the comparative characteristics of productivity and quality of winter wheat grain of adaptive varieties. The data from production experience are provided with the norms and terms of sowing the “Governor of the don” winter wheat using biological preparations together with fertilizers.

Keywords: winter wheat, biotechnologies, microorganisms, productivity, gluten, protein, variety, humates, growth regulators, norm

Scientific Agronomy Journal. 2020. 1(108). pp. 49-52

Protection of Plants

DOI: 10.34736/FNC.2020.108.1.010.49-52

T.V. Ivanchenko, K.S-Kh.N., leading research fellow, A.V. Belikina, research fellow – Federal State Budget Scientific Institution «Federal Scientific Centre of Agroecology, Complex Melioration and Protective Afforestation of the Russian Academy of Sciences» (FSC of Agroecology RAS), e-mail: nfo@vfanc.ru, 400062, Universitetskiy Prospekt, 97, Volgograd, Russia

Abstract. A research is related to the problem of chickpeas growing. Despite the positive qualities of chickpeas, it is not widely distributed on the sown areas in the Russian Federation. The reason is its low competitiveness with weeds, as well as its increased sensitivity to herbicides. The article describes a method for weeds controlling in chickpea crops. The research was carried out in 2015-2018 at the experimental field of the Lower Volga Research Institute which is a branch of the FSC of Agroecology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, located in the zone of chestnut soils (Volgograd region, Gorodishchensky district). The experiments were performed in three versions and in four repetitions. Tank mixtures of herbicides were used. Their effectiveness was determined in terms of the fight against weeds in chickpea crops. The yield was obtained with a profit margin of 15 and 25.6%. The highest economic efficiency was shown by the variant with a tank mixture of herbicides, such as promethrin 750 g / ha + C-metalochlor 786 g / ha. The yield of chickpea beans was 0.71 t / ha in this variant, and 0.45 t/ha in the control without the use of herbicides, respectively. An applying of our recommendations will improve the yield and quality of chickpeas.

Keywords: chickpeas, crop area, herbicides, tank mixtures, dry conditions, economic efficiency

Scientific Agronomy Journal. 2020. 1(108). pp. 53-57

Nontraditional Crops

DOI: 10.34736/FNC.2020.108.1.011.53-57

Buyankin, member of the Russian Botanical society, K.S-Kh.N., M.V. Nazarova – Federal State Budget Scientific Institution «Federal Scientific Centre of Agroecology, Complex Melioration and Protective Afforestation of the Russian Academy of Sciences» (FSC of Agroecology RAS), e-mail: nfo@vfanc.ru, 400062, Universitetskiy Prospekt, 97, Volgograd, Russia

Abstract. Amaranthus is an ancient American Indian crop. The earliest information about it is found in the book series «Monuments of literature», published in the 1970s in Russian. In Russia, cultural amaranth has been tested since the first third of the last century. Weed species of Amaranthus were introduced into Russian territory in the 19-20-x centuries and are burdensome weeds in modern agriculture. The high competitive ability of weed amaranths is determined by their biology. The degree of contamination of arable land with wild amaranth seeds largely hinders the development of cultural species. The quality of varieties and the level of seed production of amaranths remains as a problem. The practical experience of growing amaranth is summarized in the Trans-Volga districts of the Volgograd region. It is proposed to develop a preventive set of measures for the destruction of wild amaranths, the development of technology for cultural species cultivating in relation to local conditions and seed production improving of created Amaranthus varieties.

Keywords: amaranth, biology of weed amaranth, cultivation of amaranth, problems of cultivation

Scientific Agronomy Journal. 2020. 2(109). pp. 4-12

Contemporary Research

DOI: 10.34736/FNC.2020.109.2.001.4-12

1. I. Panov, K.G.N., senior researcher, Volga agroforestry experimental station, Samara region – affiliate of FSC of Agroecology RAS, Volgograd, Russia

Abstract. Generalizing work devoted to the disclosure of the artificially created forest plantings systems influence that perform protective and reclamation functions. The main research methods are field water-balance studies at experimental runoff-erosion stationaries, with a complex of runoff sites and experimental drainage areas. In the steppe arid zone, with an annual precipitation of 400-450 mm, unproductive annual losses from unprotected forest strips of agrocenoses reach 230-280 mm or 50-60%. The forest cluster has a high inhibitory effect on Aero hydrodynamic flows (winds, snowstorms, dry winds, slope water streams and surface runoff water flows), which reduces their intensity and negative entropic effect on soils and agrocenoses. For the first time, numerical values of wind-blizzard losses sublimation and snow drift-transport during the cold (winter) period in unprotected steppe agro enosis and in forestprotected fields were experimentally revealed. The forest cluster increases the input components of the spring water balance (precipitation, absorption) and reduces expenditure (sublimation, physical evaporation, surface runoff), localizes and reduces erosion, reduces moisture loss for physical evaporation and transpiration by 15-20%. A General scheme of flat reliefhydroerosive self-organization has been developed, the scientific basis of modern synergetic erosiolandscape studies has been developed. The model agroecolandscapes are used to calculate the perspective ratios of the main land (arable land-steppe forest-water-settlements) for the standard gully basin agricultural landscapes optimal reclamation is an effective means for saving the light (protium) water of high value for human health. It is necessary to revive steppe protective afforestation and sustainable landscape agricultural nature management.

Keywords: forest cluster, nature-like technologies, agro-landscapes, forest contour-stick ecosystems, synergetic erosion-landscape studies, erosion, degradation, droughts, hydrological regime, phase transitions, surface runoff

Scientific Agronomy Journal. 2020. 2(109). pp. 13-18

Contemporary Research

DOI: 10.34736/FNC.2020.109.2.002.13-18

A.K. Kulik, K.S.-Kh.N., leading researcher, A.S. Khnyckin, junior researcher – Federal State Budget Scientific Institution «Federal Scientific Centre of Agroecology, Complex Melioration and Protective Afforestation of the Russian Academy of Sciences» (FSC of Agroecology RAS), e-mail: nfo@vfanc.ru, 400062, Universitetskiy Prospekt, 97, Volgograd, Russia

Abstract. The article presents the results of the research final stage of the pine plantations influence on the water regime of soils on large-size lysimetric models. This paper presents data from an experiment that began in 2015 on three lysimeters, filled by sand and planted with pine seedlings with different planting rates: 10000 PCs/ha (lysimeter # 2), 15000 PCs/ ha (lysimeter # 5) and 25000 PCs / ha (lysimeter # 6). The novelty of the research consists in obtaining experimental data on the influence of the pine plantations density on the water regime of various granulometric composition soils (sand, sandy loam, loam). The article details the weather conditions of the 2018/19 hydrological year, which allowed us to trace the process of partial resumption of runoff on some models. The water balance was calculated based on precipitation, transpiration, physical evaporation, and outflow of moisture to ground water. As a result of research, it turned out that during spring snowmelt or a long winter thaw, accompanied by liquid atmospheric precipitation, ground runoff can temporarily resume under young plantings with a high proportion of fallen plants or low planting rates. Previously, it was found that runoff stops when the soil moisture content is 2.22% for soils of light granulometric composition and 8.66% for soils of heavy granulometric composition. In conclusion, it is indicated that pine planting at the age of 3 years during summer transpiration strongly drying up the soil. As a result, the water regime on light soils in some years is periodically washed, and on heavy soils it is non-washed.

Keywords: pine plantings, lysimeters, gravity runoff, water balance, soil moisture